Interim results of the study of the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with genetic predisposition to prostate cancer in the Kazakh population

Abstract

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, 1.4 million cases and 397,000 deaths were registered globally in 2022. Globally, PCa is the fourth-largest cancer incidence rate in men and the eighth-largest cause of cancer-related death in men, while in Asia, it ranks second and first, respectively. Early, personalized diagnosis and detection of PCa are becoming increasingly important. According to recent scientific data, a genetic predisposition to the risk of PCa is observed in 42% of cases. Study Objective: To study the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms with genetic predisposition to PCa in the Kazakh population. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, two groups were formed: 340 men from the Kazakh population diagnosed with PCa and 454 men from the Kazakh population in the control group (conditionally healthy individuals). Subjects aged 18 to 88 years underwent genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA using molecular genetic sequencing. In the second stage, retrospective statistical analysis was performed using systematization and verification methods. The statistical significance criterion was set at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results. An analysis of 135 genotypes of patients in two groups—the study and control groups—was conducted. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in age (under and over 60 years) of 38.5% at p < 0.0001 for the prostate cancer group. Significant differences were found in 16 SNPs. Intergroup comparison revealed differences in 39 genotypes. Conclusion. Comparative analysis of binary and nominal indicators of the two groups allowed us to identify genotypes specific to men in the Kazakh population and confirm the relationship between age and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Based on the results of further research, a database of allele and genotype frequencies for prostate cancer in Kazakhs will be created, which will have prognostic value for screening.

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