Risk factors affecting the onset and development of cervical cancer

Abstract

Relevance of the problem. Noncommunicable diseases are now responsible for most global deaths, and cancer is the leading cause of death and is expected to be the most important obstacle to increasing life expectancy in every country in the world. century. Cancer incidence and mortality are exploding worldwide. The reasons for this are complex, but they reflect the aging and growth of the population, as well as changes in the prevalence and distribution of major risk factors for cancer, some of which are related to socio-economic development. There are many risk factors that are not carcinogenic, but play a promoting role in the development of cervical cancer. Objectives of the study: to identify a set of risk factors that are at least partially involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and to determine the likelihood of its development. Materials and research methods: The material for this clinical study was data from a six-year follow-up of 240 patients with locally advanced forms of cervical cancer treated at the Osh Interregional Oncology Center and the National Center for Oncology and Hematology under the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. We studied epidemiological and clinical materials on cervical cancer, as well as reproductive factors affecting the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. In 17.91% of cases, patients with cervical cancer began sexual activity early, namely at the age of 18-20 years. Precancerous diseases - 19.58%, multiple births - 19.58%, primary infertility - 1.25%, medical abortion - 4 and more - 14.16%, chronic inflammatory diseases of the cervix - 10.0%, endocrinological disorders - 23.3% of observations. The number of women who regularly visited the gynecological consultation room - 33.74% of women. The number of visits, which is the absence of a gynecologist for a long time, almost 10 years or more, is 66.25%. A comparative study with the Vassarstat program showed that in the study group of patients with cervical cancer, patients who did not visit the gynecologist regularly were statistically more likely to have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Conclusions. The study of relevant etiological mechanisms and risk factors for cervical cancer will allow the development of effective measures and technologies for the prevention of this type of cancer. Conclusions. Among the risk factors for cervical cancer are frequent menstruation, chronic inflammatory processes, and endocrinological disorders.

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