Cytological characteristics of cervical dysplasia: a retrospective analysis of 120 cases

Abstract

Relevance. Cervical dysplasia is a pathological change in the epithelium that precedes the development of invasive cancer. Early detection and monitoring of dysplastic changes is possible through screening programs. Cytology is an accessible method of primary diagnosis. This study is aimed at analyzing cytological data in women with established dysplasia. Purpose of the study. The cytological characteristics of cervical dysplasia were analyzed in 120 patients. The work is based on a retrospective study of Pap smear data. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 120 cytological studies performed at the National Oncology Center for the period 2022-2024 was carried out. Age, inflammatory changes, and the presence of HPV infection were taken into account. Results and discussion. The patients were divided into age groups and the presence of concomitant inflammatory diseases: 20-30 years old - 25 patients; 30-40 years old – 63 patients; 40-50 years old – 32 patients. In the first group, 43% of patients had CIN I, 35% – CIN II, 22% – CIN III. In the second group, 39% of patients had CIN I, 45% – CIN II, 16% – CIN III. In the third group, 29% of patients had CIN I, 33% – CIN II, 38% – CIN III. Conclusion. Cytological examination is effective in the early diagnosis of dysplasia. Its regular use in combination with HPV diagnostics allows for the timely detection of precancerous changes.

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