Choosing the optimal method of treating salivary gland cancer

Abstract

Relevance of the problem. In recent years, the incidence of salivary gland tumors has remained unchanged in the structure of oncological diseases and is 1-5%. More than 30 new cases of malignant salivary gland tumors are registered annually in the Kyrgyz Republic. The surgical stage of treatment remains the main one in the complex of therapeutic and diagnostic measures for salivary gland tumors. Purpose of the study: to improve the results of treatment of patients with malignant epithelial tumors of the salivary gland. Materials and methods of study. During the study period, 318 cases of salivary gland cancer were registered, which indicates the rarity of this pathology. The ratio of men to women with salivary gland cancer was as follows - 166 men and 152 women or 1.09, i.e. almost equal. Results. Analysis of the conducted studies showed that only 7.8% of all observations regarding survival received radiation therapy. The two-year survival rate was 94.2±2.4%. The survival rate of patients who received only radiotherapy in the fourth year was 64.8±5.7%, and the five-year overall survival rate was 52.9±6.5%. It is worth noting that patients who received radiotherapy as a specific treatment and monotherapy mainly had late stages of the tumor - the third and fourth. Combined treatment in the form of surgery and radiotherapy was received by 61.6% of patients. They were mainly patients with the second and third stages of the disease. The overall survival rate for two years was - 91.9±2.7%. The overall five-year survival rate of salivary gland cancer patients who received combined therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) was - 71.9±4.2%. This indicator was the highest among the groups of patients who received different types of specific therapy. Patients with salivary gland cancer who received combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy was only 12.3% of the observations. The overall five-year survival rate of patients who received this type of specific treatment was 66.7±5.5%. Only symptomatic treatment of salivary gland cancer was performed in 16.4% of patients. The overall survival rate (5 years) of patients in this group was 58.3±5.9%. The total number of relapses after treatment of salivary gland cancer was 15.3%, after a combined approach - 11.1%, radiotherapy and chemotherapy - 22.2%, and radiotherapy alone - 29.4% of the observation period. The two-year survival rate in the absence of cervical lymph node involvement was statistically significantly higher - 96.7±1.7% - and 64.3±6.0% (P˂0.05). Analysis of data on five-year survival showed that the lowest rates obtained in the presence of metastases were 17.1±7.4%, and this difference was statistically significant compared to all other years of observation. Conclusion. The most effective treatment for salivary gland cancer is a combination of surgery and radiation therapy.

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