Health care of Kyrgyzstan
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Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution on Population Morbidity and Mortality from Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases

https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21
Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution on Population Morbidity and Mortality from Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
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Abstract About the authors References

Abstract

Introduction. Air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM₂,₅) is a factor exerting a significant impact on human health and the environment. In Bishkek, air quality deteriorates during the autumn–winter season due to fuel combustion, industrial emissions, transportation, and temperature inversions. Objective. To assess the impact of PM₂,₅ concentrations on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10: I00–I99) and respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J00–J99) among the population of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, over a ten-year period. Materials and Methods. Data on morbidity (2014–2024) and mortality (2013–2023) were obtained from the Center of Electronic Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, classified according to ICD-10: cardiovascular diseases (I00–I99) and respiratory diseases (J00–J99). Indicators were standardized per 100,000 population. Data from Kyrgyzhydromet on average daily PM₂,₅ concentrations in the ambient air of Bishkek for 2023– 2024 were analyzed. Statistical and descriptive epidemiological methods were applied. Results and Discussion. In 2024, compared with 2014, morbidity from cardiovascular diseases decreased by 29.5% nationwide and by 43.7% in Bishkek. Morbidity from respiratory diseases over ten years declined by 1.3% nationwide and by 21.2% in Bishkek. However, morbidity from respiratory diseases in Bishkek exceeded national rates by 1.9–2.3 times. Over the ten-year period, mortality from cardiovascular diseases decreased by 24.5% nationwide and by 28.2% in Bishkek. Mortality from respiratory diseases declined by 26.6% nationwide, but in Bishkek an increase of 42.6% was observed (primarily due to pneumonia). A strong positive correlation was identified between PM₂,₅ pollution and respiratory disease morbidity (r ≈ +0.91). Conclusion. Air pollution with PM₂,₅ has a negative impact on the health of Bishkek residents. Annual mean concentrations of PM₂,₅ (30–38 µg/m³) exceeded the maximum permissible level established in the Kyrgyz Republic by 1.2–1.5 times. The peak incidence of respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia) occurred in winter.

About the authors

Чечейбаев Эркин Маратович, Магистр наук в области Продвижения Здоровья и Образования, Министр здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики, Бишкек

Шаршенова Айнаш Акыновна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Профессор кафедры общественного здравоохранения, Международная высшая школа медицины; Главный научный сотрудник Национальный институт общественного здоровья при Министерстве здравоохранения, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Дуйшенкулова Марина Касымбаевна, преподователь Международной высшей школы медицины; Аспирант Кыргызского государственного медицинского института переподготовки и повышения квалификации имени С. Б. Даниярова Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Checheibaev Erkin Maratovich, Master of Science in Health Promotion and Education, Minister of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek

Sharshenova Ainash Akynovna, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine; Chief Researcher, National Institute of Public Health under the Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Duishenkulova Marina Kasymbaevna, Lecturer, International Higher School of Medicine; Postgraduate Student, Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training named after S. B. Daniyarov, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Чечейбаев Эркин Маратович, ден соолукту чыңдоо жана билим берүү илимдеринин магистри, Кыргыз Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министри, Бишкек ш.

Шаршенова Айнаш Акыновна, медицина илимдеринин доктору, профессор, Эл аралык медициналык жогорку мектебинин Коомдук саламаттыкты сактоо кафедрасынын профессору; Саламаттыкты сактоо министрлигине караштуу Коомдук саламаттык сактоо улуттук институтунун башкы илимий кызматкери, Бишкек шаары, Кыргыз Республикасы

Дуйшенкулова Марина Касымбаевна, Эл аралык жогорку медицина мектебинин окутуучусу; Данияров атындагы Кыргыз мамлекеттик кайра даярдоо жана квалификациясын жогорулатуу медициналык институтунун аспиранты, Бишкек шаары, Кыргыз Республикасы

References

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disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
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vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
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air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.

1. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett RT, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of
disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardio
vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
3. World Bank; Asian Development Bank. Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population health. Bishkek; 2025.
4. Temirbekov N, Temirbekova M, Tamabay D, Kasenov S, Askarov S, Tukenova Z. Assessment of the negative impact of urban
air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.

1. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett RT, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of
disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardio
vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
3. World Bank; Asian Development Bank. Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population health. Bishkek; 2025.
4. Temirbekov N, Temirbekova M, Tamabay D, Kasenov S, Askarov S, Tukenova Z. Assessment of the negative impact of urban
air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.

Keywords
Mortality , Kyrgyz Republic , PM2.5 (particulate matter) , Air polution , Morbidity , Diseases of the circulatory system , Respiratory diseases
Для цитирования

Чейчебаев Э.М., Шаршенова А.А., Дуйшенкулова М.К. Оценка влияния загрязнения атмосферного воздуха на заболеваемость и смертность населения от болезней системы кровообращения и болезней органов дыхания. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 2, с. 11-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
For citation

Checheibaev E.M., Sharshenova A.A., Duishenkulova M.K. Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution on Population
Morbidity and Mortality from Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases.Scientific practical journal “Health care of Kyrgyzstan” 2025, No.2, p. 11-21. . https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
Цитата үчүн

Чейчебаев Э.М., Шаршенова А.А., Дуйшенкулова М.К. Атмосфералык абанын булгануусунун калктын кан айлануу системасынын оорулары жана дем алуу органдарынын оорулары боюнча ооруп калуусуна жана өлүмүнө тийгизген таасирин баалоо. Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 2, б. 11-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
Authors Checheibaev E.M. , Sharshenova A.A., Duishenkulova M.K.
Link doi.org https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21
Pages 11-21
Keywords Mortality, Kyrgyz Republic, PM2.5 (particulate matter), Air polution , Morbidity , Diseases of the circulatory system, Respiratory diseases
Russian
Об авторах

Чечейбаев Эркин Маратович, Магистр наук в области Продвижения Здоровья и Образования, Министр здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики, Бишкек

Шаршенова Айнаш Акыновна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Профессор кафедры общественного здравоохранения, Международная высшая школа медицины; Главный научный сотрудник Национальный институт общественного здоровья при Министерстве здравоохранения, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Дуйшенкулова Марина Касымбаевна, преподователь Международной высшей школы медицины; Аспирант Кыргызского государственного медицинского института переподготовки и повышения квалификации имени С. Б. Даниярова Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика
Полный текст

PDF (RUS)
Список литературы

1. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett RT, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of
disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardio
vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
3. World Bank; Asian Development Bank. Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population health. Bishkek; 2025.
4. Temirbekov N, Temirbekova M, Tamabay D, Kasenov S, Askarov S, Tukenova Z. Assessment of the negative impact of urban
air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.
Для цитирования

Чейчебаев Э.М., Шаршенова А.А., Дуйшенкулова М.К. Оценка влияния загрязнения атмосферного воздуха на заболеваемость и смертность населения от болезней системы кровообращения и болезней органов дыхания. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 2, с. 11-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
English
About authors

Checheibaev Erkin Maratovich, Master of Science in Health Promotion and Education, Minister of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek

Sharshenova Ainash Akynovna, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine; Chief Researcher, National Institute of Public Health under the Ministry of Health, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Duishenkulova Marina Kasymbaevna, Lecturer, International Higher School of Medicine; Postgraduate Student, Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training named after S. B. Daniyarov, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Full text

PDF (RUS)
References

1. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett RT, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of
disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardio
vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
3. World Bank; Asian Development Bank. Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population health. Bishkek; 2025.
4. Temirbekov N, Temirbekova M, Tamabay D, Kasenov S, Askarov S, Tukenova Z. Assessment of the negative impact of urban
air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.
For citation

Checheibaev E.M., Sharshenova A.A., Duishenkulova M.K. Assessment of the Impact of Air Pollution on Population
Morbidity and Mortality from Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases.Scientific practical journal “Health care of Kyrgyzstan” 2025, No.2, p. 11-21. . https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
Kyrgyz
Авторлор жөнүндө

Чечейбаев Эркин Маратович, ден соолукту чыңдоо жана билим берүү илимдеринин магистри, Кыргыз Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министри, Бишкек ш.

Шаршенова Айнаш Акыновна, медицина илимдеринин доктору, профессор, Эл аралык медициналык жогорку мектебинин Коомдук саламаттыкты сактоо кафедрасынын профессору; Саламаттыкты сактоо министрлигине караштуу Коомдук саламаттык сактоо улуттук институтунун башкы илимий кызматкери, Бишкек шаары, Кыргыз Республикасы

Дуйшенкулова Марина Касымбаевна, Эл аралык жогорку медицина мектебинин окутуучусу; Данияров атындагы Кыргыз мамлекеттик кайра даярдоо жана квалификациясын жогорулатуу медициналык институтунун аспиранты, Бишкек шаары, Кыргыз Республикасы
Шилтемелер

1. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett RT, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of
disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017;
389(10082):1907-18. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA III, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardio
vascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331-
78. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1.
3. World Bank; Asian Development Bank. Assessment of the impact of air pollution on population health. Bishkek; 2025.
4. Temirbekov N, Temirbekova M, Tamabay D, Kasenov S, Askarov S, Tukenova Z. Assessment of the negative impact of urban
air pollution on population health using machine learning methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6770.
doi:10.3390/ijerph20186770.
5. Nuckols JR, Ward MH, Jarup L. Using geographic information systems for exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology
studies. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(9):1007-15. doi:10.1289/ehp.6738.
6. Center for e-Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Data on population morbidity and mortality for 2022–
2024.
7. Hydrometeorological Service of the Kyrgyz Republic. Annual report on ambient air quality in Kyrgyzstan, 2024.
8. World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), ozone, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/978924003
4228.
9. Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T. Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk
factors: a worldwide perspective. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(11):1910-7. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025.
10. Guttikunda SK, Begum BA, Wadud Z. Particulate pollution from brick kiln clusters in the Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2013;6(2):357-65. doi:10.1007/s11869-012-0187-2.
11. Pope CA III, Dockery DW. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc.
2006;56(6):709-42. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485.
12. Anderson JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human hea
lth. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):166-75. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
13. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases
and risk factors, 1990–2019. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
14. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality
in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.
15. Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Ostro B, Declercq C, Alessandrini E, et al. Associations between fine and coarse particles
and mortality in Mediterranean cities: results from the MED-PARTICLES Project. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(8):932-
8. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206124.
16. Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, Peters A, Ostro B, Brunekreef B, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory
mortality: a review. Environ Health. 2013;12(1):43. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-43.
Цитата үчүн

Чейчебаев Э.М., Шаршенова А.А., Дуйшенкулова М.К. Атмосфералык абанын булгануусунун калктын кан айлануу системасынын оорулары жана дем алуу органдарынын оорулары боюнча ооруп калуусуна жана өлүмүнө тийгизген таасирин баалоо. Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 2, б. 11-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.2.6.1.11.21 
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