Health care of Kyrgyzstan
Zdravoohraneniye Kyrgyzstana

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Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Subtypes and Their Association with Obesity and Age: Facts, Mechanisms, and Public Health Implications for Kyrgyzstan

https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Subtypes and Their Association with Obesity and Age: Facts, Mechanisms, and Public Health Implications for Kyrgyzstan
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Abstract About the authors References

Abstract

Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common oncological diseases among women worldwide. Its biological heterogeneity is due to the presence of various molecular subtypes that determine the clinical course of the disease, prognosis, and treatment choices. An important risk factor that significantly influences the incidence and outcomes of BC is obesity, and its impact varies depending on menopausal status. In the context of Kyrgyzstan, where the epidemiological situation and healthcare opportunities have their own characteristics, it is relevant to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the issue, identify key challenges, and outline directions for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Aim. To present a comprehensive overview of breast cancer (BC) epidemiology, substantiate the clinical significance of molecular subtypes, and analyze the cross-influence of obesity and age on the risk and outcomes of the disease, with an emphasis on data and practices in Kyrgyzstan. Methods. An analysis of publications from peer-reviewed journals and reports from relevant organizations (PubMed, Cochrane, WHO, SEER, GLOBOCAN) from 2013 to 2024 was conducted. An analytical framework combining epidemiology, biology of subtypes, risk factors, and healthcare organization was used. Results. Luminal subtypes dominate in the structure of BC; the triple-negative subtype is less common but accounts for the largest share of early recurrences. The relationship between BMI and risk depends on menopausal status: in premenopause, a higher BMI is associated with a lower risk, whereas in postmenopause, it is associated with an increased risk. According to GLOBOCAN estimates, globally, approximately 2.3 million new cases of BC were registered annually in 2020–2022; in Kyrgyzstan, the standardized incidence rate remains lower than the Central Asian average but shows a trend toward growth. Conclusions. The biological heterogeneity of BC and modifiable risk factors require targeted prevention and coordinated clinical pathways. For Kyrgyzstan, the priorities are: increasing screening coverage, controlling lifestyle factors, ensuring access to immunohistochemistry/genetic testing, and routing patients with aggressive subtypes.

About the authors

Карабаева Яна Батыркуловна, кандидат медицинскмх наук, врач отделения маммологии, Национального центра онкологии и гематологии, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Доолоталиева Чолпон Сейитовна, заведующая отделением маммологии, Национального центра онкологии и гематологии, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Karabaeva Yana Batyrkulovna, candidate of medical sciences, physician of the mammology department, National Center of Oncology and Hematology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Doolotalieva Cholpon Seyitovna, Head of the Mammology Department, since the opening of the Oncology and Hematology Center, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Карабаева Яна Батыркуловна, медицина илимдеринин кандидаты, Улуттук онкология жана гематология борборунун маммология бөлүмүнүн врачы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Доолоталиева Чолпон Сейитовна, маммология бөлүмүнүн башчысы, онкология жана гематология борбору ачылгандан бери, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

References

1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
2. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406:747–752.
3. Yersal O., Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol.
2014;5(3):412–424.
4. Munsell M.F., Sprague B.L., Berry D.A., et al. BMI and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2014;106(5).
5. Chan D.S., Vieira A.R., Aune D., et al. BMI and breast cancer in pre-/postmenopause: dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer.
2014;110:571–580.
6. World Health Organization. Breast cancer: prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
7. Cochrane Breast Cancer Group. Screening for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001877.
8. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2020. Bethesda, MD.
9. Newman L.A. Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomics, race, and genetics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2837–2844.
10. Li C.I., Malone K.E., Daling J.R. Differences in receptor status by race/ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2002;11(7):601–607.
11. Zavala V.A., Bracci P.M., Carethers J.M., et al. Cancer health disparities in minorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2021;30(1):3–10.

12. GLOBOCAN 2020. Breast cancer fact sheet. IARC.
13. DeSantis C.E., Ma J., Goding Sauer A., et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):439–448.
14. Министерство здравоохранения КР. Национальный онкорегистр. 2022.
15. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7–33.
16. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998–2005.
17. Lauby-Secretan B., Scoccianti C., Loomis D., et al. Body fatness and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:794–798.
18. Torre L.A., Siegel R.L., Ward E.M., Jemal A. Global incidence and mortality trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2016;25(1):16–27.
19. Allemani C., Weir H.K., Carreira H., et al. Global cancer survival. Lancet. 2015;385:977–1010.
20. Iyengar N.M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A.J., Hudis C.A. Obesity and cancer mechanisms. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(35):4270–4276.
21. Park J., Morley T.S., Kim M., et al. Obesity and cancer: inflammation. Cancer Lett. 2014;345(2):167–173.
22. Goodwin P.J., Stambolic V. Obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3577–3578.
23. Dalamaga M. Obesity, adipocytokines and breast cancer. World J Exp Med. 2013;3(3):34–42.
24. Calle E.E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–591.
25. WHO Cancer Mortality Data. Global Health Observatory.
26. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2023.
27. SEER*Stat Database. National Cancer Institute.
28. Cortazar P., Zhang L., Untch M., et al. pCR and long-term benefit in breast cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.
29. Nelson H.D., Pappas M., Zakher B., et al. Genetic counseling/testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2589–2599.
30. NCCN Guidelines. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast/Ovarian

1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
2. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406:747–752.
3. Yersal O., Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol.
2014;5(3):412–424.
4. Munsell M.F., Sprague B.L., Berry D.A., et al. BMI and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2014;106(5).
5. Chan D.S., Vieira A.R., Aune D., et al. BMI and breast cancer in pre-/postmenopause: dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer.
2014;110:571–580.
6. World Health Organization. Breast cancer: prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
7. Cochrane Breast Cancer Group. Screening for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001877.
8. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2020. Bethesda, MD.
9. Newman L.A. Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomics, race, and genetics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2837–2844.
10. Li C.I., Malone K.E., Daling J.R. Differences in receptor status by race/ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2002;11(7):601–607.
11. Zavala V.A., Bracci P.M., Carethers J.M., et al. Cancer health disparities in minorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2021;30(1):3–10.

12. GLOBOCAN 2020. Breast cancer fact sheet. IARC.
13. DeSantis C.E., Ma J., Goding Sauer A., et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):439–448.
14. Министерство здравоохранения КР. Национальный онкорегистр. 2022.
15. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7–33.
16. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998–2005.
17. Lauby-Secretan B., Scoccianti C., Loomis D., et al. Body fatness and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:794–798.
18. Torre L.A., Siegel R.L., Ward E.M., Jemal A. Global incidence and mortality trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2016;25(1):16–27.
19. Allemani C., Weir H.K., Carreira H., et al. Global cancer survival. Lancet. 2015;385:977–1010.
20. Iyengar N.M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A.J., Hudis C.A. Obesity and cancer mechanisms. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(35):4270–4276.
21. Park J., Morley T.S., Kim M., et al. Obesity and cancer: inflammation. Cancer Lett. 2014;345(2):167–173.
22. Goodwin P.J., Stambolic V. Obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3577–3578.
23. Dalamaga M. Obesity, adipocytokines and breast cancer. World J Exp Med. 2013;3(3):34–42.
24. Calle E.E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–591.
25. WHO Cancer Mortality Data. Global Health Observatory.
26. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2023.
27. SEER*Stat Database. National Cancer Institute.
28. Cortazar P., Zhang L., Untch M., et al. pCR and long-term benefit in breast cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.
29. Nelson H.D., Pappas M., Zakher B., et al. Genetic counseling/testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2589–2599.
30. NCCN Guidelines. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast/Ovarian

1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
2. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406:747–752.
3. Yersal O., Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol.
2014;5(3):412–424.
4. Munsell M.F., Sprague B.L., Berry D.A., et al. BMI and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2014;106(5).
5. Chan D.S., Vieira A.R., Aune D., et al. BMI and breast cancer in pre-/postmenopause: dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer.
2014;110:571–580.
6. World Health Organization. Breast cancer: prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
7. Cochrane Breast Cancer Group. Screening for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001877.
8. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2020. Bethesda, MD.
9. Newman L.A. Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomics, race, and genetics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2837–2844.
10. Li C.I., Malone K.E., Daling J.R. Differences in receptor status by race/ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2002;11(7):601–607.
11. Zavala V.A., Bracci P.M., Carethers J.M., et al. Cancer health disparities in minorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2021;30(1):3–10.

12. GLOBOCAN 2020. Breast cancer fact sheet. IARC.
13. DeSantis C.E., Ma J., Goding Sauer A., et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):439–448.
14. Министерство здравоохранения КР. Национальный онкорегистр. 2022.
15. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7–33.
16. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998–2005.
17. Lauby-Secretan B., Scoccianti C., Loomis D., et al. Body fatness and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:794–798.
18. Torre L.A., Siegel R.L., Ward E.M., Jemal A. Global incidence and mortality trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2016;25(1):16–27.
19. Allemani C., Weir H.K., Carreira H., et al. Global cancer survival. Lancet. 2015;385:977–1010.
20. Iyengar N.M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A.J., Hudis C.A. Obesity and cancer mechanisms. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(35):4270–4276.
21. Park J., Morley T.S., Kim M., et al. Obesity and cancer: inflammation. Cancer Lett. 2014;345(2):167–173.
22. Goodwin P.J., Stambolic V. Obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3577–3578.
23. Dalamaga M. Obesity, adipocytokines and breast cancer. World J Exp Med. 2013;3(3):34–42.
24. Calle E.E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–591.
25. WHO Cancer Mortality Data. Global Health Observatory.
26. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2023.
27. SEER*Stat Database. National Cancer Institute.
28. Cortazar P., Zhang L., Untch M., et al. pCR and long-term benefit in breast cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.
29. Nelson H.D., Pappas M., Zakher B., et al. Genetic counseling/testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2589–2599.
30. NCCN Guidelines. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast/Ovarian

Keywords
Epidemiology , Kyrgyzstan , Body mass index , Postmenopause , Premenopause , Obesity , Molecular subtypes , Breast cancer
Для цитирования

Карабаева Я. Б., Доолоталиева Ч. С. Гетерогенность подтипов рака молочной железы и их связь с ожирением и возрастом: факты, механизмы и ориентиры для здравоохранения Кыргызстана. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 3, с. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
For citation

Karabaeva Ya. B., Doolotalieva Ch.S. Heterogeneity of Bre ast Cancer Subtypes and Their Association with Obesity and Age: Facts, Mechanisms, and Public Health Implicatio ns for Kyrgyzstan. Scientific and practical journal “Health care of Kyrgyzstan” 2025, No.3, p. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
Цитата үчүн

Карабаева Я. Б., Доолоталиева Ч. С. Сүт бези рагынын подтиптеринин гетерогендуулүгү жана алардын семирүү, курак менен байланышы: фактылар, механизмдер жана Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо системасы үчүн багыттар. Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 3, б. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
Authors Karabaeva Ya.B., Doolotalieva Ch.S.
Link doi.org https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
Pages 32-38
Keywords Epidemiology, Kyrgyzstan, Body mass index, Postmenopause, Premenopause, Obesity, Molecular subtypes, Breast cancer
Russian
Об авторах

Карабаева Яна Батыркуловна, кандидат медицинскмх наук, врач отделения маммологии, Национального центра онкологии и гематологии, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Доолоталиева Чолпон Сейитовна, заведующая отделением маммологии, Национального центра онкологии и гематологии, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика
Полный текст

PDF (RUS)
Список литературы

1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
2. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406:747–752.
3. Yersal O., Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol.
2014;5(3):412–424.
4. Munsell M.F., Sprague B.L., Berry D.A., et al. BMI and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2014;106(5).
5. Chan D.S., Vieira A.R., Aune D., et al. BMI and breast cancer in pre-/postmenopause: dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer.
2014;110:571–580.
6. World Health Organization. Breast cancer: prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
7. Cochrane Breast Cancer Group. Screening for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001877.
8. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2020. Bethesda, MD.
9. Newman L.A. Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomics, race, and genetics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2837–2844.
10. Li C.I., Malone K.E., Daling J.R. Differences in receptor status by race/ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2002;11(7):601–607.
11. Zavala V.A., Bracci P.M., Carethers J.M., et al. Cancer health disparities in minorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2021;30(1):3–10.

12. GLOBOCAN 2020. Breast cancer fact sheet. IARC.
13. DeSantis C.E., Ma J., Goding Sauer A., et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):439–448.
14. Министерство здравоохранения КР. Национальный онкорегистр. 2022.
15. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7–33.
16. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998–2005.
17. Lauby-Secretan B., Scoccianti C., Loomis D., et al. Body fatness and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:794–798.
18. Torre L.A., Siegel R.L., Ward E.M., Jemal A. Global incidence and mortality trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2016;25(1):16–27.
19. Allemani C., Weir H.K., Carreira H., et al. Global cancer survival. Lancet. 2015;385:977–1010.
20. Iyengar N.M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A.J., Hudis C.A. Obesity and cancer mechanisms. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(35):4270–4276.
21. Park J., Morley T.S., Kim M., et al. Obesity and cancer: inflammation. Cancer Lett. 2014;345(2):167–173.
22. Goodwin P.J., Stambolic V. Obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3577–3578.
23. Dalamaga M. Obesity, adipocytokines and breast cancer. World J Exp Med. 2013;3(3):34–42.
24. Calle E.E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–591.
25. WHO Cancer Mortality Data. Global Health Observatory.
26. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2023.
27. SEER*Stat Database. National Cancer Institute.
28. Cortazar P., Zhang L., Untch M., et al. pCR and long-term benefit in breast cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.
29. Nelson H.D., Pappas M., Zakher B., et al. Genetic counseling/testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2589–2599.
30. NCCN Guidelines. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast/Ovarian
Для цитирования

Карабаева Я. Б., Доолоталиева Ч. С. Гетерогенность подтипов рака молочной железы и их связь с ожирением и возрастом: факты, механизмы и ориентиры для здравоохранения Кыргызстана. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 3, с. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
English
About authors

Karabaeva Yana Batyrkulovna, candidate of medical sciences, physician of the mammology department, National Center of Oncology and Hematology, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Doolotalieva Cholpon Seyitovna, Head of the Mammology Department, since the opening of the Oncology and Hematology Center, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Full text

PDF (RUS)
References

1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
2. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406:747–752.
3. Yersal O., Barutca S. Biological subtypes of breast cancer: Prognostic and therapeutic implications. World J Clin Oncol.
2014;5(3):412–424.
4. Munsell M.F., Sprague B.L., Berry D.A., et al. BMI and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor subtype. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2014;106(5).
5. Chan D.S., Vieira A.R., Aune D., et al. BMI and breast cancer in pre-/postmenopause: dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer.
2014;110:571–580.
6. World Health Organization. Breast cancer: prevention and control. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
7. Cochrane Breast Cancer Group. Screening for breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001877.
8. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2020. Bethesda, MD.
9. Newman L.A. Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomics, race, and genetics. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(10):2837–2844.
10. Li C.I., Malone K.E., Daling J.R. Differences in receptor status by race/ethnicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2002;11(7):601–607.
11. Zavala V.A., Bracci P.M., Carethers J.M., et al. Cancer health disparities in minorities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2021;30(1):3–10.

12. GLOBOCAN 2020. Breast cancer fact sheet. IARC.
13. DeSantis C.E., Ma J., Goding Sauer A., et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):439–448.
14. Министерство здравоохранения КР. Национальный онкорегистр. 2022.
15. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Fuchs H.E., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7–33.
16. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of mammography on breast-cancer incidence. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1998–2005.
17. Lauby-Secretan B., Scoccianti C., Loomis D., et al. Body fatness and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:794–798.
18. Torre L.A., Siegel R.L., Ward E.M., Jemal A. Global incidence and mortality trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
2016;25(1):16–27.
19. Allemani C., Weir H.K., Carreira H., et al. Global cancer survival. Lancet. 2015;385:977–1010.
20. Iyengar N.M., Gucalp A., Dannenberg A.J., Hudis C.A. Obesity and cancer mechanisms. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(35):4270–4276.
21. Park J., Morley T.S., Kim M., et al. Obesity and cancer: inflammation. Cancer Lett. 2014;345(2):167–173.
22. Goodwin P.J., Stambolic V. Obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3577–3578.
23. Dalamaga M. Obesity, adipocytokines and breast cancer. World J Exp Med. 2013;3(3):34–42.
24. Calle E.E., Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(8):579–591.
25. WHO Cancer Mortality Data. Global Health Observatory.
26. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2023.
27. SEER*Stat Database. National Cancer Institute.
28. Cortazar P., Zhang L., Untch M., et al. pCR and long-term benefit in breast cancer. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172.
29. Nelson H.D., Pappas M., Zakher B., et al. Genetic counseling/testing for BRCA-related cancer. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2589–2599.
30. NCCN Guidelines. Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast/Ovarian
For citation

Karabaeva Ya. B., Doolotalieva Ch.S. Heterogeneity of Bre ast Cancer Subtypes and Their Association with Obesity and Age: Facts, Mechanisms, and Public Health Implicatio ns for Kyrgyzstan. Scientific and practical journal “Health care of Kyrgyzstan” 2025, No.3, p. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
Kyrgyz
Авторлор жөнүндө

Карабаева Яна Батыркуловна, медицина илимдеринин кандидаты, Улуттук онкология жана гематология борборунун маммология бөлүмүнүн врачы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Доолоталиева Чолпон Сейитовна, маммология бөлүмүнүн башчысы, онкология жана гематология борбору ачылгандан бери, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы
Шилтемелер

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Цитата үчүн

Карабаева Я. Б., Доолоталиева Ч. С. Сүт бези рагынын подтиптеринин гетерогендуулүгү жана алардын семирүү, курак менен байланышы: фактылар, механизмдер жана Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо системасы үчүн багыттар. Кыргызстандын саламаттык сактоо илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 3, б. 32-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.3.9.3.32.38
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