Frequency of colon cancer localization

Abstract

Objective of the study: To identify the features of colon cancer localization and instrumental visualization methods. Material and methods. The analysis of data from 63 patients treated for colon cancer in 2017-2019 at the Republican Oncology Research Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan was carried out. The following instrumental diagnostic methods were used: ultrasound of the abdominal organs, rectoscopy, fibrocolonoscopy, irrigoscopy, bronchoscopy, CT of the abdominal and chest organs with contrast of the large intestine, MRI of the pelvic organs. Results and discussion. The age of patients ranged from 21 to 78 years, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 50-65 years. In 77.8% of patients, the duration of the anamnesis ranged from 6 months to 1 year, anemia occurred in 39.6%. Fibrocolonoscopy was performed in 10 patients (16%), CT with contrast enhancement – ​​in 29 patients (46%), and rectoscopy – in 28 patients (44.4%). The prevalence of locally advanced process was revealed (T3-4 – 72.6%). Sigmoid colon lesions were noted in 22 patients (34.9%), cecum – in 12 patients (19%), hepatic and splenic angles, respectively – 9.5% and 11.1%. The diagnosis was verified in all patients, with adenocarcinoma in 80%. Sigmoid colon together with rectal cancer make up 65% of the total number of colorectal cancers. When establishing the staging of colon cancer, a significant prevalence of locally advanced process was revealed - stages III-IV (72.6%) among the total number of patients. At the same time, stages IIA and IVA were established in 10 people (16%) and 14 people (20.2%), respectively. Traditionally, a digital examination is followed by a rectoscopy. Given the limited capabilities of a rectoscopy (the depth of examination is approximately 20 cm), there is a need for additional examination with a fibrocolonoscope. When performing a fibrocolonoscopy after a digital examination, a double instrumental examination is eliminated. Conclusions: 1. The predominant lesion of the sigmoid colon (22-34.9%), as well as the cecum (12-19%), was determined. 2. Taking into account the identified trends, the optimal method for diagnosing colon cancer is fibrocolonoscopy. 3. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of the location of the tumor and the extent of its spread allows us to determine the adequate scope of the operation.

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