Malignant tumors of the maxilla and its sinuses

Abstract

Relevance of the problem. Dissatisfaction with the results of the use of the main methods of NUR, surgical, drug and cryogenic treatment, as well as their various combinations, is the basis for the development of new optimal types of treatment. The purpose of the study: to identify oral mucosa cancer and improve treatment outcomes. Material and methods. An analysis of the history and treatment outcomes of 202 patients with oral mucosa cancer was conducted. Of the total number of patients, 121 (59.9%) were men and 81 (40.1%) were women. The first stage of cancer was detected in 3.0% of patients, the second - in 35.6%, the third - in 32.7% and the fourth - in 28.7% of patients. Despite the fact that it was possible to detect this pathology during the examination, 61.4% of patients fell into advanced stages (stages III - IV). The most common localization of tumors in the oral cavity was the tongue in 77 patients (38.1%), followed by the alveolar part of the lower and upper jaw in 44 patients (22.8%) and the floor of the mouth in 34 patients (16.8%). Treatment methods used in patients with oral mucosa cancer were: surgical treatment - 30 (14.9%), surgical treatment with postoperative radiotherapy - 95 (47.0%), radiation therapy - 32 (15.8%), radiotherapy + chemotherapy - 33 (16.3%), chemotherapy - 12 (6.0%). Results. Three-year survival rate T1 - 83±2.7%, T2 - 72±3.3%, T3 - 62±3.5% and T4 - 28±3.3%. Conclusion. In the early stages of oral cancer, in almost 10% of cases, local lesions of the mucous membrane are not detected at the first visit to the doctor. The disease is observed in 25% of patients. Radiation therapy was used in 79.1% of patients with oral tumors, in combination with surgical intervention in 47.0%, with chemotherapy in 16.3%, and as a stand-alone method in 15.8% of patients. Improving the results of treatment of oral cancer depends primarily on the accuracy of the initial diagnosis of cancer. According to observations of various authors, 80% of deaths from oral cancer could have been prevented by early detection of malignant tumors.

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