Health care of Kyrgyzstan
Zdravoohraneniye Kyrgyzstana

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Smoking, Vaping and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
Smoking, Vaping and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract About the authors References

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases develop long before adulthood, with adolescence representing a critical period for the accumulation of risk factors. The use of nicotine-containing products, including electronic cigarettes, as well as sedentary lifestyle and sleep deprivation, adversely affect cardiovascular health. In Kyrgyzstan, data on the prevalence of smoking and vaping among adolescents and their impact on cardiovascular parameters remain limited. Aim. To assess the prevalence of smoking and vaping among adolescents and their association with cardiovascular parameters, sleep, and physical activity. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional anonymous survey was conducted among adolescents aged 13–18 years (a total of 68 questionnaires were collected, including 39 boys and 29 girls; mean age 16.2 ± 1.5 years) in shopping centers of the Lenin and Oktyabr districts of Bishkek. The questionnaire included items on habits (vaping, cigarette smoking, duration and frequency), presence of chronic diseases, physical activity, subjective sleep quality, and sleep duration. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured in all participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Respondents were grouped by age, type and frequency of nicotine use, and sex, and compared according to nicotine use (vaping and/or smoking). Results and Discussion. Any use of nicotine-containing products was reported by 50.0% of adolescents. Vaping was practiced by 38.2%, cigarette smoking by 35.3%; combined use of vaping and cigarettes by 23.5%; exclusive vaping by 14.7%, and exclusive cigarette smoking by 11.8%. The prevalence of nicotine use was significantly higher among boys (66.7%) compared to girls (27.6%). The relative risk of smoking among boys was 2.4 times higher (RR = 2.42), and the odds ratio for smoking initiation was 5.25 (OR = 5.25) compared to girls; these differences were statistically significant (p ≈ 0.002). The prevalence of nicotine use increased with age, from 0% in the 13–14-year group to 71.4% in the 17–18-year group. Mean blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) values in the total sample were: systolic BP 116.2 ± 18.1 mmHg, diastolic BP 74.2 ± 16.7 mmHg, and HR 91.2 ± 18.3 bpm. Adolescents using nicotine had higher systolic BP (120.1 vs 112.4 mmHg) and HR (92.6 vs 89.9 bpm). Elevated systolic BP (≥130 mmHg) was observed in 20.6% of respondents; among nicotine users this proportion was 29.4%, compared to 11.8% among non-users. The risk of elevated systolic BP was 2.5 times higher in smokers (RR = 2.5), with an odds ratio of 3.13 (OR = 3.13); these differences were statistically significant (χ² = 4.22, p ≈ 0.04). Chronic diseases were reported by 13.2% of respondents (including bronchitis, sinusitis, anemia, psoriasis, etc.). More than half of adolescents did not engage in regular physical activity (57.4%), while only 5.9% exercised daily. Mean sleep duration was 7.8 ± 2.2 hours, with some participants reporting severe sleep deprivation (2–4 hours). Conclusion. This pilot study among adolescents in Kyrgyzstan demonstrated a high prevalence of vaping and smoking, particularly among boys and older adolescents, as well as frequent combined use of nicotine products. Adolescents using nicotine showed higher systolic BP and HR values and a greater proportion of elevated BP. The combination of nicotine exposure, insufficient physical activity, sleep disturbances, and chronic diseases contributes to an unfavorable cardiovascular profile already in adolescence. These findings highlight the need for early preventive programs in schools and colleges, including BP screening, nicotine cessation education, and promotion of regular physical activity.

About the authors

Асилбекова Адия Дамирбековна, волонтер Международной школы «Атом», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Токторбаева Айжан Аскаровна, волонтер Международной школы Light Academy, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Матисакова Бегайым Анарбековна, магистр, юрист Кардиохирургической клиники «Бикард», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Осмонов Дамирбек Асилбекович, PhD, Главный врач Кардиохирургической клиники «Бикард», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

 

Asilbekova Adiya Damirbekovna, volunteer of the Atom International School, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Toktorbaeva Aizhan Askarovna, volunteer, Light Academy International School, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Matisakova Begayim Anarbekovna, master, lawyer, Cardiac Surgery Clinic “Bikard”, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Osmonov Damirbek Asilbekovich, PhD, Chief Physician of the Bicard Cardiac Surgery Clinic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Асилбекова Адия Дамирбековна, "Атом" эл аралык мектебинин ыктыярчысы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Токторбаева Айжан Аскаровна, "Light Academy" эл аралык мектебинин ыктыярчы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Матисакова Бегайым Анарбековна, магистр,  "Бикард" жүрөк хирургиясы клиникасынын юристы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Осмонов Дамирбек Асилбекович, медицина илимдеринин доктору, Бикард жүрөк хирургиясы клиникасынын башкы дарыгери, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

References

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
childhood and adolescence: a narrative review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025 April 14; 184:298.
2. Dendale P, Scherrenberg M, Sivakova O, Frederix I. Prevention: From the cradle to the grave and beyond. European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology. March 2019; 26 (5):507–511.
3. Raghuveer G, White D, Hayman L, Woo J, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward K, De Ferranti S.D, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular Con
sequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic
Disparities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation September 2016; 134 (16): e336-e359.
4. Sun J, Wang M, Yang L, Zhao M, Bovet P, Xi B. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A
systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. May 2020; 53(Suppl. 3):101338.
5. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E.
Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso
ciation. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728.
6. Ciobanu A, Tarasenko Y, Lebedeva E. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2023;9(Supplement 2):A107.
7. Bassareo P, Fanos V, Crisafulli A, Mercuro G. Daily assessment of arterial distensibility in a pediatric population before and after
smoking cessation. CLINICS 2014;69(4):219-224.
8. Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk. Sleep Med Clin. 2021 Sep;16(3):485-497.
9. Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Lifestyle Clusters in
School-Aged Youth and Longitudinal Associations with Fatness: The UP&DOWN Study. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:317-324.e1
10. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan. Health behaviour among school-age children, 2022.
11. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schwaab B. Physical activity in youth is determinant of cardiovascular health in adulthood. Eur J Prev
Cardiol. 2024 Mar 4;31(4):458-460.
12. Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe
D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr.
2021 May;232:118-126.e23., 2020.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, Black T, Brewer LPC, Foraker RE, Grandner MA, Lavretsky H, Perak AM, Sharma G, Rosamond W. Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular
Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 2;146(5):e18-e43.

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
childhood and adolescence: a narrative review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025 April 14; 184:298.
2. Dendale P, Scherrenberg M, Sivakova O, Frederix I. Prevention: From the cradle to the grave and beyond. European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology. March 2019; 26 (5):507–511.
3. Raghuveer G, White D, Hayman L, Woo J, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward K, De Ferranti S.D, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular Con
sequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic
Disparities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation September 2016; 134 (16): e336-e359.
4. Sun J, Wang M, Yang L, Zhao M, Bovet P, Xi B. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A
systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. May 2020; 53(Suppl. 3):101338.
5. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E.
Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso
ciation. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728.
6. Ciobanu A, Tarasenko Y, Lebedeva E. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2023;9(Supplement 2):A107.
7. Bassareo P, Fanos V, Crisafulli A, Mercuro G. Daily assessment of arterial distensibility in a pediatric population before and after
smoking cessation. CLINICS 2014;69(4):219-224.
8. Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk. Sleep Med Clin. 2021 Sep;16(3):485-497.
9. Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Lifestyle Clusters in
School-Aged Youth and Longitudinal Associations with Fatness: The UP&DOWN Study. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:317-324.e1
10. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan. Health behaviour among school-age children, 2022.
11. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schwaab B. Physical activity in youth is determinant of cardiovascular health in adulthood. Eur J Prev
Cardiol. 2024 Mar 4;31(4):458-460.
12. Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe
D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr.
2021 May;232:118-126.e23., 2020.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, Black T, Brewer LPC, Foraker RE, Grandner MA, Lavretsky H, Perak AM, Sharma G, Rosamond W. Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular
Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 2;146(5):e18-e43.

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
childhood and adolescence: a narrative review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025 April 14; 184:298.
2. Dendale P, Scherrenberg M, Sivakova O, Frederix I. Prevention: From the cradle to the grave and beyond. European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology. March 2019; 26 (5):507–511.
3. Raghuveer G, White D, Hayman L, Woo J, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward K, De Ferranti S.D, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular Con
sequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic
Disparities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation September 2016; 134 (16): e336-e359.
4. Sun J, Wang M, Yang L, Zhao M, Bovet P, Xi B. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A
systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. May 2020; 53(Suppl. 3):101338.
5. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E.
Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso
ciation. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728.
6. Ciobanu A, Tarasenko Y, Lebedeva E. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2023;9(Supplement 2):A107.
7. Bassareo P, Fanos V, Crisafulli A, Mercuro G. Daily assessment of arterial distensibility in a pediatric population before and after
smoking cessation. CLINICS 2014;69(4):219-224.
8. Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk. Sleep Med Clin. 2021 Sep;16(3):485-497.
9. Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Lifestyle Clusters in
School-Aged Youth and Longitudinal Associations with Fatness: The UP&DOWN Study. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:317-324.e1
10. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan. Health behaviour among school-age children, 2022.
11. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schwaab B. Physical activity in youth is determinant of cardiovascular health in adulthood. Eur J Prev
Cardiol. 2024 Mar 4;31(4):458-460.
12. Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe
D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr.
2021 May;232:118-126.e23., 2020.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, Black T, Brewer LPC, Foraker RE, Grandner MA, Lavretsky H, Perak AM, Sharma G, Rosamond W. Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular
Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 2;146(5):e18-e43.

Keywords
Kyrgyzstan , Prevention , Smoking , Adolescents , Tenofovir , Cardiovascular risk , Vaping , Blood pressure
Для цитирования

Асилбекова А.Д., Токторбаева А.А., Матисакова Б.А.,Осмонов Д.А. Табакокурение, вейпинг и кардиоваскулярные факторы риска у подростков Кыргызстана: пилотное поперечное исследование. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 4, с. 80-88.  https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
For citation

 Asilbekova A.D., Toktorbaeva A.A.,Matisakova B.A., Osmonov D.A. Smoking, Vaping and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Scientific practical journal “Health care of Kyr gyzstan” 2025, No.4, p. 80-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
Цитата үчүн

Асилбекова А.Д., Токторбаева А.А., Матисакова Б.А.,Осмонов Д.А.  Кыргызстандагы өспүрүмдөр арасында тамеки тартуу, вейпинг жана жүрөк кан тамыр системасынын тобокелчилик факторлору: пилоттук кесилиштүү изилдөө. «Кыргыстандын саламаттык сактоо» илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 4, б. 80-88 https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
Authors Asilbekova A.D., Toktorbaeva A.A., Matisakova B.A., Osmonov D.A.
Link doi.org https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
Pages 80-88
Keywords Kyrgyzstan, Prevention, Smoking, Adolescents, Tenofovir, Cardiovascular risk, Vaping, Blood pressure
Russian
Об авторах

Асилбекова Адия Дамирбековна, волонтер Международной школы «Атом», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Токторбаева Айжан Аскаровна, волонтер Международной школы Light Academy, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Матисакова Бегайым Анарбековна, магистр, юрист Кардиохирургической клиники «Бикард», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

Осмонов Дамирбек Асилбекович, PhD, Главный врач Кардиохирургической клиники «Бикард», Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика

 
Полный текст

PDF (RUS)
Список литературы

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
childhood and adolescence: a narrative review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025 April 14; 184:298.
2. Dendale P, Scherrenberg M, Sivakova O, Frederix I. Prevention: From the cradle to the grave and beyond. European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology. March 2019; 26 (5):507–511.
3. Raghuveer G, White D, Hayman L, Woo J, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward K, De Ferranti S.D, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular Con
sequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic
Disparities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation September 2016; 134 (16): e336-e359.
4. Sun J, Wang M, Yang L, Zhao M, Bovet P, Xi B. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A
systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. May 2020; 53(Suppl. 3):101338.
5. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E.
Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso
ciation. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728.
6. Ciobanu A, Tarasenko Y, Lebedeva E. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2023;9(Supplement 2):A107.
7. Bassareo P, Fanos V, Crisafulli A, Mercuro G. Daily assessment of arterial distensibility in a pediatric population before and after
smoking cessation. CLINICS 2014;69(4):219-224.
8. Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk. Sleep Med Clin. 2021 Sep;16(3):485-497.
9. Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Lifestyle Clusters in
School-Aged Youth and Longitudinal Associations with Fatness: The UP&DOWN Study. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:317-324.e1
10. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan. Health behaviour among school-age children, 2022.
11. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schwaab B. Physical activity in youth is determinant of cardiovascular health in adulthood. Eur J Prev
Cardiol. 2024 Mar 4;31(4):458-460.
12. Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe
D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr.
2021 May;232:118-126.e23., 2020.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, Black T, Brewer LPC, Foraker RE, Grandner MA, Lavretsky H, Perak AM, Sharma G, Rosamond W. Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular
Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 2;146(5):e18-e43.
Для цитирования

Асилбекова А.Д., Токторбаева А.А., Матисакова Б.А.,Осмонов Д.А. Табакокурение, вейпинг и кардиоваскулярные факторы риска у подростков Кыргызстана: пилотное поперечное исследование. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2025, № 4, с. 80-88.  https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
English
About authors

Asilbekova Adiya Damirbekovna, volunteer of the Atom International School, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Toktorbaeva Aizhan Askarovna, volunteer, Light Academy International School, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Matisakova Begayim Anarbekovna, master, lawyer, Cardiac Surgery Clinic “Bikard”, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

Osmonov Damirbek Asilbekovich, PhD, Chief Physician of the Bicard Cardiac Surgery Clinic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Full text

PDF (RUS)
References

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
childhood and adolescence: a narrative review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025 April 14; 184:298.
2. Dendale P, Scherrenberg M, Sivakova O, Frederix I. Prevention: From the cradle to the grave and beyond. European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology. March 2019; 26 (5):507–511.
3. Raghuveer G, White D, Hayman L, Woo J, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward K, De Ferranti S.D, Zachariah J. Cardiovascular Con
sequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic
Disparities A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation September 2016; 134 (16): e336-e359.
4. Sun J, Wang M, Yang L, Zhao M, Bovet P, Xi B. Sleep duration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: A
systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. May 2020; 53(Suppl. 3):101338.
5. Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E.
Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso
ciation. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728.
6. Ciobanu A, Tarasenko Y, Lebedeva E. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: prevalence of tobacco use in countries of the WHO European Region. Tob. Prev. Cessation 2023;9(Supplement 2):A107.
7. Bassareo P, Fanos V, Crisafulli A, Mercuro G. Daily assessment of arterial distensibility in a pediatric population before and after
smoking cessation. CLINICS 2014;69(4):219-224.
8. Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk. Sleep Med Clin. 2021 Sep;16(3):485-497.
9. Sánchez-Oliva D, Grao-Cruces A, Carbonell-Baeza A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Lifestyle Clusters in
School-Aged Youth and Longitudinal Associations with Fatness: The UP&DOWN Study. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:317-324.e1
10. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan. Health behaviour among school-age children, 2022.
11. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schwaab B. Physical activity in youth is determinant of cardiovascular health in adulthood. Eur J Prev
Cardiol. 2024 Mar 4;31(4):458-460.
12. Pool LR, Aguayo L, Brzezinski M, Perak AM, Davis MM, Greenland P, Hou L, Marino BS, Van Horn L, Wakschlag L, Labarthe
D, Lloyd-Jones D, Allen NB. Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr.
2021 May;232:118-126.e23., 2020.
13. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, Black T, Brewer LPC, Foraker RE, Grandner MA, Lavretsky H, Perak AM, Sharma G, Rosamond W. Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular
Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Aug 2;146(5):e18-e43.
For citation

 Asilbekova A.D., Toktorbaeva A.A.,Matisakova B.A., Osmonov D.A. Smoking, Vaping and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Scientific practical journal “Health care of Kyr gyzstan” 2025, No.4, p. 80-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
Kyrgyz
Авторлор жөнүндө

Асилбекова Адия Дамирбековна, "Атом" эл аралык мектебинин ыктыярчысы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Токторбаева Айжан Аскаровна, "Light Academy" эл аралык мектебинин ыктыярчы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Матисакова Бегайым Анарбековна, магистр,  "Бикард" жүрөк хирургиясы клиникасынын юристы, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы

Осмонов Дамирбек Асилбекович, медицина илимдеринин доктору, Бикард жүрөк хирургиясы клиникасынын башкы дарыгери, Бишкек, Кыргыз Республикасы
Шилтемелер

1. De Blas-Zapata A, Sastre-Albiach JM, Baixauli-López L, López-Ruiz R, Álvarez-Pitti J. Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in
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Цитата үчүн

Асилбекова А.Д., Токторбаева А.А., Матисакова Б.А.,Осмонов Д.А.  Кыргызстандагы өспүрүмдөр арасында тамеки тартуу, вейпинг жана жүрөк кан тамыр системасынын тобокелчилик факторлору: пилоттук кесилиштүү изилдөө. «Кыргыстандын саламаттык сактоо» илимий-практикалык журналы 2025, № 4, б. 80-88 https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2025.4.12.10.80.88
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