№1 (2023)

Introduction. Ionization potentials are a characteristic of substances that characterize the energy of removing an electron from the outer and inner orbitals and the stability of the molecular system as a whole. On the basis of ionization potentials, the structure of a substance, its possible rearrangement occurring during ionization and depending on the excitation energy of atoms (oscillators) is studied. These are rearrangements that lead to the appearance of ions, radicals, ion-radicals, clusters, and other compounds. Also ionization potentials determine the stability of molecules, their redox and photochemical ability, biological activity. Thus, the biological activity (toxicity) of atoms and their compounds correlates with their valency. Equally important is the spread of toxic compounds and their stability in the external environment, which determines morbidity of humans and the population, the so-called microelementoses, etc. Knowledge of ionization potentials also makes it possible to synthesize substances with a given biological activity and other parameters. Ionization potentials are calculated by quantum chemical methods, as well as from molecular spectroscopy data. Regularities in the behavior of ionization potentials are studied in the courses of general chemistry and in the division "Matter structure". They are also reflected in reference books and in various publications on the subject. The aim of the study - In this paper, we consider the possibility of using a method based on the theoretical-numerical approach to the calculation of the first ionization potentials of some atoms and molecules which is also simpler and more accessible than quantum-chemical methods for calculating ionization potentials. Materials and methods. А combination (theoretical-numerical) approach was used in our study, which in our opinion can provide the most important information, tentatively, for predicting higher degrees of valency of atoms and molecules, for which there are no reference data in the literature. The data on ionization potentials given in the reference literature served as the material for the study and comparison with the available data. Results. Some examples of the use of theoretical-numerical sequences for studying the redox processes of some organic substances are given as well as estimated data of the first ionization potentials for some atoms. Conclusion. It is shown that the approach we propose can be used to calculate the ionization potentials of atoms of the Periodic System, while the discrepancy between calculated and experimental data is within 5-8%.

Introduction. In the Kyrgyz Republic, in the period after the second wave of the coronavirus infection pandemic in 2021, the second round of a seroepidemiological study was conducted to assess population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The purpose of the study was to determine the level and structure of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Kyrgyz Republic during the period of intensive spread of COVID-19.
Materials and methods. The research methods are seroepidemiological, population-based, age-stratified prospective (cross-sectional). The materials for the study were serums and personal data of persons who agreed to the study.
Results and discussions. The results of laboratory studies showed that in the republic the proportion of people with antibodies to coronavirus infection in February 2021 amounted to 71.2% against 30.8% in July 2020. Seroprevalence by region in the first round of the study ranged from 13 to 62.7%, in the second round 63.9 to 77.8%.
In the first round of the study, out of 1446 seropositive individuals 925 64.0% (61.5-66.5) had symptoms of COVID-19, and in the second round of 3372/1696- 50.3% (48.6-52.0), respectively. They asked for medical help in the first round out of 1446/315 -21.8% (19.7-23.9), in the second round out of 3372/855 -25.4% (23.9-26.9). The results of both rounds of the study show that with increasing age, the proportion of people seeking medical care in parallel increases in the first round ranging from 10.0 to 27.5%, and in the second round from 6.2 to 37.5%. Conclusions. An increase in seropositivity was noted in all age categories, and the proportion of seropositivity increased with increasing age in the examined individuals. An analysis of epidemiological indicators based on the personal data of the examined persons showed that, compared with the results of the first round of the study, the manifestation of clinical symptoms decreased by 13.7%, the number of patients seeking medical care by 3.6% and the number of hospitalized patients by 4.6 %. This indicates a decrease in the severity of the clinical course of the incidence of coroavirus infection. A decrease in the manifestation of symptoms of the disease is especially noted in the age category 0-9 and 10-19 years.

Introduction.The problem of healthcare-associated infections plays an important role in public health, not only in industrialized countries, but also in developing countries, where, as a result, inaction and unresolved problems can lead to serious consequences. At the same time, there may be a decrease in the quality of medical services provided, and this can lead to mortality, the development of complications, an increase in the duration of treatment and hospital stay, as well as an increase in the cost of treatment. The most common source of nosocomial infection is manipulation of the urinary tract. [3, 6] Catheter-associated urinary tract infections account for 80% of all healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of registration and detection of catheter-associated urinary tract in fections in hospitals in Bishkek.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the reporting data for 2017-2021 was carried out using the MS Excel software package. We used reports on infections associated with the provision of medical care from 10 healthcare organizations in the city of Bishkek, collected by the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Infection Control NPO "PM". The data were collected in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 34 dated January 29, 2008 “On the epidemiological surveillance of HCAI”.
Results. In 2017 and 2018 CAIMP did not register. In 2019, there is a sharp increase in registrations of 99% compared to 2018. In 2020 and 2021 there has been a decline in registrations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, KAIMP registration was reduced by 65.2% compared to 2019, and in 2021 by 90%. Official statistics in the Kyrgyz Republic do not reflect the true state of affairs with the prevalence of HCAI. According to official registration, the frequency of HCAI in healthcare organizations of the republic does not exceed 2.4%. [4] Deciphering the etiological structure was carried out only in 2017 in 10 pilot healthcare organizations in Bishkek.
Conclusions. The problem of detectability and registration remains relevant, taking into account what it is necessary to introduce point cross-sectional studies in all healthcare organizations in Bishkek. Subsequent analysis of HAI pathogens for antibiotic resistance will improve the diagnosis, detection, registration, treatment, etiological interpretation, develop effective measures that increase the effectiveness of HAI prevention and prevent economic damage.

Introduction. Regime-restrictive measures were implemented in the country. March 16, 2020, which lasted a total of 47 days. During the period of active spread of the new coronavirus infection, there was a significant reduction in
the provision of services to the population at the outpatient level, including obstetric and gynecological services. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the provision of obstetric and gynecological services to women. Materials and Methods. Data from the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic (NSC KR) and the Electronic Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic (EHC) for 2019 (pre-pandemic period) and 2020
(pandemic period) were taken for situation analysis and 542 women aged 18 years and older were questioned.
Results and discussion. Based on the data analysis, the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of restrictive measures
influenced women to use health care organizations to obtain obstetric and gynecological services. According to the National Statistical Committee and the e-Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, the maternal mortality rate increased significantly in 2020 due to extragenital causes (including COVID-19), and as a result of
inaccessibility of obstetric and gynecological services and untimely registration of pregnant women.
Conclusion. For pregnancy complications, obtaining infertility services, and menstrual disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the maternal mortality rate. In recent years there was a decrease in the maternal mortality rate until
2019, but in 2020 the rate increased by 45.6%. The number of maternal deaths from extragenital diseases almost doubled.
It is also possible that the growth of the maternal mortality rate is observed as a consequence of inaccessibility of obstetric
and gynecological services, untimely registration. The share of deaths during pregnancy increased by 11.7% and from
abortions by 0.7% (50% - criminal abortions and 50% - formal abortions), 4.5% was due to rupture of the uterus. According to international studies, 75.2% of participants did not plan the pregnancy, most likely due to the economic situation during the COVID-19 regime. The study in Kyrgyzstan revealed that COVID-19 influenced the decision not to become
pregnant by 26.27%. Also the worsened economic situation since the introduction of restrictive measures had a significant
impact on family planning decisions, and 4.58% of respondents who did not have children believed that the birth of a child should be postponed due to the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction. As a result of the development of protective compositions for the treatment of agricultural crops, an original herbicide of selective action, propisochlor, was created. In order to justify and carry out activities aimed at protecting human health and the environment (which is the solution to some of the leading state tasks in the field of environmental protection and public health, as well as in order to comply with the requirements of international legislation, it is necessary to identify patterns of manifestation of the toxic properties of propisochlor in various regimens with the oral route of exposure, as well as to substantiate a number of hygienic regulations for safe production and its further use in agriculture. A special role in the development of such methods and methods belongs to the sanitary and toxicological study of new xenobiotics and generic molecules, as a result of which the values of threshold and subthreshold doses of pesticide preparations and their active substances are established.
The purpose - The purpose of this study was to characterize propisochlor in an acute oral sanitary-toxicological study on rats. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to determine the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50).
Materials and methods. Male white rats served as the test system in the acute experiment. In an acute experiment on rats, the following doses (in terms of body weight) of propisochlor were tested - 2000, 3000, 5000 and 6000 mg/kg.
Results. In an acute experiment with a single oral administration of the test compound, starting at a dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight or more, rats showed reduced motor activity, reduced food and water intake, trismus, ataxia, tremors and convulsions. The above symptoms are typical for substances that have a neurotoxic effect. However, this study did not investigate the levels of monoamine oxidases, monoamines, and neurotransmitters to explore the pathogenesis of symptoms. Starting with a dose of 3000 mg/kg of body weight, the death of animals was noted, which occurred mainly on the 1-3rd day after the administration of the test compound. The pathoanatomical picture was characterized by hemodynamic disturbances in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, as well as degenerative changes in the liver and catarrhal inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Conclusions. In the pathogenesis of intoxication, damage to the liver and kidneys, metabolic disorders are also important. The study compound dose of 2000 mg/kg is the maximum tolerated dose, while the dose of 6000 mg/kg is absolutely lethal. The parameters of acute oral toxicity of the test compound were determined. In an acute experiment, the LD50 of propisochlor was established,which for male rats was 3745,4 ± 511,9 mg/kg, LD84 – 4999,3 mg/kg, LD16 – 2491,5 mg/kg.

Introduction. Fungicides, whose share is steadily growing, are used in agriculture to combat fungal infections of agricultural plants. However, for greater efficiency, in practice they should be applied taking into account the agrobackground of the floor. Phenylpyrrole derivatives are recognized as highly effective fungicides. At the same time, phenylpyrroles are chemical derivatives of pyrrolnitrin, a secondary metabolite produced by some bacteria from tryptophan. Phenylpyrroles inhibit all stages of fungal development, spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelium growth.
The purpose - Characterization of a phenylpyrrole derivative in an acute oral toxicology study in rats. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to determine the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50).
Materials and methods. Male white rats served as the test system in the acute experiment. In an acute experiment on rats, the following dose (in terms of body weight) of phenylpyrrole was tested - 5000 mg / kg.
Results. In an acute experiment with a single oral administration of the test compound at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, brown staining of urine, tail and coat was noted in rats. In this case, the death of animals was not noted during the entire period of observation.
Conclusions. Based on the studies carried out and in accordance with the "Hygienic Classification of Pesticides by Hazard", it was found that the phenylpyrrole derivative, according to the criterion of acute oral toxicity, belongs to low-hazard compounds (hazard class 4): LD50 for male rats, orally, is more than 5000 mg /kg of body weight.

Introduction. Fungicides, whose share is steadily growing, are used in agriculture to combat fungal infections of agricultural plants. However, for greater efficiency, in practice they should be applied taking into account the groback ground of the floor. Phenylpyrrole derivatives are recognized as highly effective fungicides. At the same time, phenylpyrroles are chemical derivatives of pyrrolnitrin, a secondary metabolite produced by some bacteria from tryptophan. Phenylpyrroles inhibit all stages of fungal development, spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelium growth. The purpose - Characterization of a phenylpyrrole derivative in an acute oral toxicology study in rats. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to determine the parameters of acute oral toxicity (LD50). Materials and methods. Male white rats served as the test system in the acute experiment. In an acute experiment on rats,the following dose (in terms of body weight) of phenylpyrrole was tested - 5000 mg / kg.
Results. In an acute experiment with a single oral administration of the test compound at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, brown staining of urine, tail and coat was noted in rats. In this case, the death of animals was not noted during the entire period of observation. Conclusions. Based on the studies carried out and in accordance with the "Hygienic Classification of Pesticides by Hazard", it was found that the phenylpyrrole derivative, according to the criterion of acute oral toxicity, belongs to low hazard compounds (hazard class 4): LD50 for male rats, orally, is more than 5000 mg /kg of body weight.

Introduction. A methodology is presented about the need to develop a “road map for the prevention, treatment and control of viral hepatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic”. Materials of regulatory and legal documents of the healthcare system, government decisions and state programs concerning or addressing the problems of viral hepatitis were used. The scientometric approach offers the basic principles and strategic steps for the implementation of national programs on a
single platform of epidemiologic surveillance and treatment (clinical protocols), including the specific and non-specific prevention of viral hepatitis, taking into account the approach of the Global Health Sector Strategies, respectively for HIV, virus hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for 2022–2030. Purpose: Regulatory situation regardibg the problems of viral hepatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic. Methods. Analysis of regulatory acts (laws, government decisions) and state programs for virus hepatitis.
Results. The Kyrgyz state has developed regulatory acts (laws, government decisions, orders) for all levels of the country’s
healthcare as well as State programs aimed at solving the problems of viral hepatitis. However, despite the certain positive
dynamics of some indicators for developments in viral hepatitis vaccination, treatment, diagnosis, etc. the epidemiological
situation still remains tense in the last two decades. To a certain extent, weaknesses in regulatory sphere related to are
identified aimed at solving this problem.
Conclusion. Today due to high viral hepatitis burden its prevention and control is a priority for the national health system. In the context of global approaches, the WHO, respectively, adopted the Global Health Sector Strategies, respectively for HIV, virus hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for 2022–2030. It is proposed to implement the national project
“Roadmap for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic”.

Introduction. It is established that infectious diseases adversely affect the nutritional status. To confirm this fact and to study the issue in more detail study, a hygienic analysis of the nutritional structure and the main morphological and physiological indicators of the development and the composition of body tissues in girls - students of the Astrakhan State Technical University and the Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, taking into account the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections, was carried out. Studies were conducted with the participation of girls who were fond of various diets compared to young men to maintain a slender figure and anorexia is more often observed in this cohort of persons. Purpose: To carry out a hygienic assessment of the nutritional structure and the main morphophysiological characteristics of young students in the city of Astrakhan, taking into account the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections. Materials and methods. The studies involved students from the Astrakhan Technical University and the Astrakhan University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 299 female students were observed. 2 groups were identified: control girls
- 100 people (sampled from 268 examined girls, whose physical development indices fit into the reference parameters); girls with protein deficiency - 25 people (a random sample of 32 persons whose physical development indices indicated the presence of protein insufficiency syndrome. A group of female students with visceral of protein insufficiency syndrome often suffering from acute respiratory viral infections was also identified. To analyze the epidemiological situation on of acute respiratory viral infections, the data of the health center of the Astrakhan State Technical University and the Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering were used. Conventional somatometric methods for assessing physical development and nutrition, biochemical and general blood analysis were used. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the application package Statistica 10, StatisticsPlus 2.1 and MS Excel 2003.
Results. Female students with trophic status disorders had significantly lower body weight (88.2% compared to the control group), due to a decrease in the amount of muscle (88.5%), fat (87.7%) and lean mass (88.7%). They also had significantly less muscle tissue (92.9%). At the same time, the physical development of girls with acute respiratory viral infections fell within the normal limits, the exception was the subjects with a lean body weight less than the average value, and their body mass index corresponded to a mild degree of malnutrition due to protein deficiency syndrome. The indicators of the development of the tissues of girls with a lower content of the composition of the studied tissues were significantly decreased compared to the control group and groups with higher values of these indicators. Conclusion.An increase in the morbidity in girls correlates with the content of muscle tissue in the body. With a decrease in the amount of muscle tissue below a certain value, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections increases, and physical development decreases up to the development of protein deficiency syndrome.

Introduction. Central Asian states, including the Kyrgyz Republic (KG), are classified as countries with high endemicity for viral hepatitis. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of viral hepatitis “A” (HAV) in the KG. The material of the study was blood serums and personal data of persons living in the territory of the Family Medicine Center (CSM) No. 11 in Bishkek, reporting statistical data of healthcare organizations on the incidence of cross sectional, transverse, one-stage method of research was chosen. A gray epidemiological study was conducted in 2018 among 995
individuals selected by a step-by-step sample of all age categories. To assess the prevalence, the presence of Anti-HAV in the blood was studied by the method of immune-enzyme analysis (ELISA). The results of the study showed that the titer of antibodies to HAV is determined starting from infancy and reaches 62%
by the age of 10-14, then the proportion of seropositive ones increases in parallel with the increase in age. In general, the
gray prevalence on the HAV was 83%. According to the reporting data, the share of sick children under 14 years of age in the structure of the total incidence of HAV was 74% in Bishkek, and 88% in the KG. The analysis of the incidence of
the KG by age shows that the highest incidence is observed in children aged 3 years (835.0 per 100 thousand population) and 4 years (868.0 per 100 thousand population), in general, the intensive indicator for the republic in 2018 was 154.0 [3]. In conclusion, it can be noted that the prevalence of HAV among the population is high, the proportion of those with antibodies
is 82.8%, infection mainly occurs before the age of 14 years and the highest level is observed at the age of 3- 4years. To obtain a reliable picture of the prevalence of HAV, it is necessary to conduct a similar randomized study
stratified by age categories and by regions of the KG. To reduce the incidence of HAV, it is necessary to develop a country control program, which includes, first of all, vaccination of children aged 2-3 years.

Introduction. Treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases requires significant economic costs and is associated with high risks. The global trend is the emphasis on comprehensive prevention, preventing the development of these pathological conditions.
Objective- To study the dynamics of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in Turkmenistan as a basis for the formation of new prevention programs. Material and methods. Design: retrospective descriptive epidemiological study. The dynamics, temporal characteristics of risk factors were studied: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity (individually and in combination). Primary data are taken from the reports of two rounds of the national STEPS survey on the prevalence of risk factors for
noncommunicable diseases in Turkmenistan.
Results. In Turkmenistan, the proportion of the population without risk factors for chronic NCDs increased by 45.0%. A positive trend in the improvement of the female population, a decrease in the prevalence of risk factors, especially combined ones, among women was revealed. At the same time, the volume of alcohol consumption has increased: the share of persons with high and medium risk associated with alcohol has increased. The proportion of women who drink alcohol increased by 14.0%. The number of obese people has increased, especially among men, where the increase in visibility rates was 6.0%. For 5 years, the proportion of the male population, which is part of the largest group of the population with 1-2 risk factors, has increased by 4.0%. The number of men without risk factors remains extremely small (does not exceed 17.0%). In 2020, the increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight in all administrative-territorial units resumed, which requires special attention to this NCD risk factor. Conclusions.Approaches have been formed to further combat specific risk factors,taking into account the effectiveness of preventive measures at previous stages.The heterogeneous situation with the prevalence of risk factors requires the scientific development of prevention programs, taking into account the characteristics of each administrative-territorial unit.

Introduction. The program of state guarantees of the Kyrgyz Republic covers dental services for children under 10 years of age, registered pregnant women and pensioners 70 years of age and older. The need for dental care in these categories of the population is high. The relevance of these services is identified as the most important in comparison with other categories of the population, in terms of state support.
The purpose of the study - Conducting an analysis of the provision of dental services in accordance with the program of state guarantees for dental clinics in Bishkek to improve access to services for children under 10 years old, pregnant women and pensioners over 70 years old.
Materials and research methods. The study used a method of statistical analysis of official reports of the Mandatory Health Insurance Fund and the Dental polyclinics in accordance with the State Guarantee Program for the city of Bishkek in 01/01/2021-12/31/2022.
Results and discussion. In 2021, in Bishkek, the total number of these categories for budgeting dental clinics was 276,689 people, and in 2022, 306,789 people. There was a high consumption of services by pregnant women in the dental clinic No. 3. For children under 10 years old, a similar trend can be noted, the maximum number of services in the dental clinic No. 3 and the minimum in the dental clinic 4. At the same time, the difference exceeds more than 32 times. There is a similar situation in the category of pensioners aged 70 and over.
Conclusions. An analysis of the situation showed the need for further modernization of the dental care payment policy, as well as the relevance of developing new mechanisms for accounting for services for budgeting for dental clinics in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Introduction. Dental care is one of the most common types of assistance to the population. The prevalence of dental diseases in the Kyrgyz Republic is high. In modern conditions, dental care is provided to the population by a network of state and commercial dental institutions, mainly outpatient and inpatient (department of maxillofacial surgery) care. Purpose of the study - Evaluation of the activities of the dental health service. Materials and research methods. Dental organizations, regulatory and legal documents, retrospective analysis. Results and its discussion. Until a certain time, dental care was provided to the population by independent dental clinics. After the reorganization by joining legally independent institutions and the formation of a network of health organizations, the dental service has undergone changes in its functioning in all areas.
Thus, all independent dental organizations included in the structure of family medicine centers (FMC) and general medical
practice centers in the region are insufficiently funded for some items of expenditure. Reporting and accounting documentation is not regulated, therefore, it is impossible to control the potential capacity of the dental services market. It is
impossible to analyze the dynamics of visits to dentists and the volume of dental services performed (the sum of all fillings, prostheses and operations made). The effectiveness of the introduction and implementation of infection control
programs is decreasing. Conclusions.For the development of the dental service and the organization of high-quality dental care, legally independently functioning dental organizations are optimal.

Introduction. Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a completely new virus to the general world population and to health care workers, so it is not well understood. It is important to remember that this infection has nonspecific symptoms. All over the world, people are talking about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and taking the necessary precautions
to protect themselves and the general public from the virus. Health care workers are the main fighters who are on the front lines of the fight against the coronavirus. Since the emergence of the coronavirus in our country and the declaration of the state of emergency, health workers have had to shoulder a huge additional burden: in addition to the routine
tasks they had to perform under the new conditions, they have had to take on completely new and challenging roles. Despite compliance with infection control measures, infection with SARS-CoV-2 was inevitable. Objective. This article presents retrospective data on the morbidity of medical workers and the general population. Methods. Retrospective data on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the population and OZ medical staff (data from
National Statistical Committee, Health Center of the Kyrgyz Republic, Department of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance, ect) for the period from April 2020 to October 2022 were collected and analyzed. Results and discussion. There were 5 epidemiological waves of COVID-19 during the analyzed period. The 3rd wave was the highest (570.89 per 100000 population). The last two rises were observed in 2022, from January to April (49 per 100000 population) and from August to October. (59 per 100,000 population). In 2022, we can see the dynamics of declining mortality registration, down to no cases since April.Among medical workers there were 4 waves of morbidity, the fifth wave was not observed.The highest rate of medical workers from the total number of COVID-19 cases was observed in April 2020(29,73%),in the rest period it does not exceed 5%, and on the average fluctuates within 2±0,4%. But if we compare incidence rates per 100,000, we can clearly see that health care workers are a high risk group. The index of morbidity of medical workers many times exceeds the index of morbidity of general population (from 4 to 13 times). Conclusion. The analysis of retrospective data revealed that health care workers are at the highest risk of COVID-19 infection. Study of COVID-19 incidence and prevalence among health care workers will allow to develop effective safety measures for health care workers during new pandemics.

Introduction. Viral hepatitis B and C remains one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence, severity and severe socioeconomic consequences. According to WHO, the regions with a high prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C are the countries of Africa south of the Sahara, the countries of Central and East Asia. The purpose of the publication is to describe the results of a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in the Kyrgyz Republic. Methods and materials. The materials were the reporting data of the Electron Health Center of the MH KR and the Department
of Disease Prevention and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance for the period from 1998 to 2021. An assessment of the long-term dynamics of morbidity was carried out using the least squares method. And also standard methods of statistical data processing with the Excel program were used. Results. During the analyzed period (1998-2021), the incidence of HBV decreased by 15 times (from 27.7 to 1.8 per 100,000 population). HCV incidence rates range from 0.8 (2021) to 2.3 (2010; 2012) per 100,000 population. In the age structure according to HBV and HCV, the largest share is occupied by the age group of 18-49 years old. (80.6% and 67.9% respectively). Conclusion. In the Kyrgyz Republic, official registration of new cases,VH B and C is carried out only at the request of patients,therefore it does not reflect the real situation of the spread of VH.A sharp decrease in the incidence of HBV isas sociated with the introduction of mandatory vaccination against HBV in the vaccination schedule, in this regard, in order to reduce the incidence of HBV,routine vaccination of the adult population up to 49 years of age should be introduced.

Introduction. One of the main indicators of the burden of HIV infection and viral hepatitis B and C is the burden of disease due to premature death. The purpose of the study- analysis of mortality and determination of the indicator - years of potentially lost life (YPLL) from co-infection with HIV and viral hepatitis B and C in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and methods.A statistical analysis of the electronic database of 2879 deaths from HIV/AIDS for 2001-2021 in the republic. The morbidity, mortality, life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and YPLL have been analyzed. Also, a correlation was determined between the life expectancy of PLHIV and the conduct of antiretroviral therapy in the country by the method of squares (Pearson). Results. From 2001 to 2021, there has been a 23-fold increase in mortality from HIV infection (0.14 in 2001 - 3.3 in 2021 per 100,000 people). The average age of the deceased was 39.9 years. Among the deceased PLHIV, 60% were coinfected with parenteral viral hepatitis B and C. YPLL from HIV infection over the observed period of time amounted to 83817 lost person-years in the country. In dynamics, there is an increase in the average life expectancy of HIV-infected people after diagnosis (from 0.4 to 4.3 years), which is associated with an increase in antiretroviral therapy coverage, a direct strong correlation was established (r=0.96). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high burden of HIV/CH co-infection due to premature mortality. The case of death registered among able-bodied persons of young and reproductive age leads to significant losses of human capital.

Introduction. According to 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there are 296 million people living with viral hepatitis B (HBV) worldwide, with about 1.5 million new infections occurring each year. In 2019, 820,000 people died in the world, and in the European regions, about 171,000 people died from the consequences of chronic viral hepatitis B as a result of cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Kyrgyzstan is a country where there is a high prevalence of viral hepatitis. According to WHO estimates, about half a million people in Kyrgyzstan suffer from viral hepatitis B.
Purpose of the study - Analysis of the development of the epidemiological surveillance system for viral hepatitis B in the Kyrgyz Republic.The materials Literature data, regulatory technical documents (NTD) and reporting data of healthcare organizations. Methods. A descriptive characterization and statistical processing of the data obtained have been carried out, trends of growth and decline of individual epidemiological features have been determined.
Results.A brief description of all NTDs affecting the system for detecting, recording and reporting the incidence of HBV in healthcare organizations is given. The dynamics of HBV incidence and their epidemiological characteristics by age characteristics were retrospectively studied. A separate characteristic of the impact of the introduction of vaccination of newborns on the dynamics of morbidity is given. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were developed to improve the system of epidemiological surveillance of viral hepatitis B in the Kyrgyz Republic. Conclusion. Regulatory and technical documents ensured the improvement of the HBV epidemiological surveillance
system by improving the quality of early detection, recording and reporting. The incidence of HBV over the past 20 years has shown a downward trend, due to the introduction of vaccination for newborns in the framework of the adopted Legislative acts, the Decree of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic and orders of the Ministry of Health.

Introduction. Since 1991, the Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score (LLAMSS) has been used around the world as a diagnostic tool. In the Kyrgyz Republic, this scoring system is not used in most cases for various reasons. Health care workers working in remote locations in mountainous areas should make greater use of the LLAMSS for diagnosing this pathological condition. Purpose of the study- To study the significance of the LLAMSS for assessing AMS in shift workers in mountainous areas in the Kyrgyz Republic. Materials and research methods.200 people were examined, working on a rotational basis at the mine at an altitude of 3800 meters above sea level. All surveyed workers underwent a medical examination six hours after arrival at work and were given a questionnaire containing vital signs, physical parameters of a person, occupational questions and the LLAMSS. The statistical program SPSS was used to process the data and identify the relationship between various indicators. Results.The use of the LLAMSS has shown to be a reliable and informative tool for diagnosing AMS. None of the surveyed workers experienced difficulties in understanding its main parameters. Comparison of the LLAMSS and physical parameters in workers was carried out, it did not show the relationship between the incidence of AMS, physical data of
workers and occupational factors. Conclusion. In world practice, LLAMSS is a tool for diagnosing AMS. At the same time, in the Kyrgyz Republic, medical workers in the highlands do not have enough knowledge about the methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AMS. This pathology is known only to a small group of specialists involved in mountain medicine. In the Kyrgyz Republic, thousands of people work on rotations in the highlands. To bridge this gap, it is necessary to create clinical protocols for medical workers working in mountainous areas. They should describe the main pathological conditions encountered in mountainous areas, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AMS.

Introduction. Physical development is one of the key criteria for determining the pace of age-related changes and the health of children and adolescents. The purpose of the study - Study and evaluation of physical development of students of Bishkek Choreographic School named after Ch. Bazarbayev. Materials and methods. A survey of 160 students of the Bishkek Choreographic School, aged from 10 years to 17 years,
was conducted. Anthropometric indicators were evaluated using regional evaluation tables, and the Quetelet index (BMI) using standards recommended by WHO (2007). Results and their discussion. The greatest difference in growth fluctuations in the studied groups of boys and girls was
revealed at the age of 14, 15, 16 and 17 years. The greatest increase in the length and body weight of boys falls on 13 years, for girls – on 12 years. Disharmonious physical development was detected in 21.8% of boys in the age group of 11-14 years, and among adolescents in 14.3%. The proportion of girls aged 10 to 17 with disharmonious physical development
averaged 19.4%, mainly due to body weight deficiency. Lack of body weight according to BMI was detected in 13.0% of boys aged 11-14 years and in 31.0% of adolescents. As they get older, the proportion of boys with excess body weight decreases from 33.3% (10 years) to 3.4% (15-17 years). Among girls, body weight deficiency was detected in the age group of 11-14 years (41.7%), and in the remaining 36.3% (10 years) and 30.3% (15-17 years) which, apparently, is related to the specifics of their future profession. Conclusions. According to the results of the assessment of anthropological indicators of students of the choreographic
school, some features of physical development depending on gender and age are revealed.

Introduction. In case of traumatic vascular injuries, first aid to victims is important. The data of literary sources indicate that the majority of victims die at the pre-hospital stage of care, which determines the high importance of firstaid in the first minutes after injury. The aim of the study is to evaluate the organization of early diagnosis and treatment of traumatic vascular injuries. Material and methods. Victims with vascular injury in the republic. Methods of stopping bleeding and other types of firstaid. Results and discussion. It was revealed that there is an unsatisfactory state of first aid at the site of injury. This is due
to the poor knowledge and skills of the population about the rules of self- and mutual assistance in case of injuries. Conclusions. It is necessary to widely organize short-term first aid courses for traumatic injuries, especially for bleeding in all secondary and higher educational institutions, industrial and public institutions, as well as residential quarters of cities and villages, etc. When analyzing the errors of the prehospital stage of the management of victims with vascular
trauma, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a set of modern diagnostic studies that would allow surgeons
and traumatologists of primary health care to choose the optimal organizational and tactical solution for vascular trauma. The developed organizational and tactical solutions of therapeutic and diagnostic measures for vascular injury creates optimal conditions for improving the results of treatment of victims.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in the burden on health care workers
and demonstrated a dangerous disregard for their health, safety, and well-being. Health care workers had a critical rolenot only in the clinical management of patients, but also in ensuring appropriate infection prevention and infection control (IPIC) measures in health care organizations. "Preventive measures taken in the Kyrgyz Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the introduction
of the State of Emergency (SOE) and border closures, were not effective, and the epidemic spread to all regions, with high rates of infection among and healthcare workers of alarming concern. One in four cases occurred among health workers (26%)." [13] And this rate among health workers remained high.
The aim of the study was to study and analyze literature-scientific data on the fact of high COVID-19 infection among medical workers and on necessity, relevance of organization of epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 spread among medical workers, as an effective measure of COVID-19 prevention in the general population. Methods. We studied and analyzed 13 literature-scientific data that were identified during the global epidemiological surveillance of WHO, Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation and data of epidemiological investigation of causeeffect relationships of COVID-19 infection of medical workers in Kyrgyzstan until May 2020. The results of the information-analytical search, allowed to substantiate the relevance and priority for the Kyrgyz Republic in the organization of epidemiological surveillance over the spread of COVID-19 among health workers, which is essential and relevant to the scientific validity in the organization of epidemiological surveillance over the spread of COVID-19 among health workers in DHD of the Kyrgyz Republic by assessing the potential risk factors of infection of health workers with SARS-CoV-2 virus, as to identify the characteristics of transmission, i.e. Conclusion. National level scientific studies to assess the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 among health care workers, including their exposure characteristics and risk factors, as part of a case-control study, will be directed for epidemiological
surveillance purposes and to obtain an epidemiological picture. The results of which will help us determine
the most appropriate CRP measures at the level of health care organizations.

Introduction. Infection control of tuberculosis is an urgent problem in the health care system today. The basis of infection control is early and prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of TB patients. TB infection control is a system of organizational, anti-epidemic and preventive measures aimed at preventing the nosocomial spread of TB among patients and staff.[2] It is particularly relevant to primary health care (PHC) health care organization. According to the WHO, 90% of annual new cases occur in 30 countries with a heavy burden of tuberculosis.[1] Preventing the spread of infection is one of the main objectives of both infection control and epidemiology in general. The likelihood of infecting healthy people in contact with patients with active tuberculosis is very high. Therefore, it is important that all health care workers
know how to properly triage suspected sources of infection and quickly perform the tests necessary for diagnosis, identify a pulmonary TB patient in time, and refer him to a tuberculosis dispensary (PTD) for treatment. The objective of this review was to provide an evidence-based rationale for TB infection control in primary health care
(PHC) facilities. Methods and Materials. We performed a literature review of tuberculosis legal and regulatory documents covering the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic and a literature review of scientific papers using resources of PubMed, Google Academia and eLIBRARY search engines. Results and their discussion. In general, it should be noted that the TB infection control system introduced in the health care organizations of the Kyrgyz Republic has not proven itself badly in specialized TB hospitals, while in general hospitals and primary health care facilities there are significant shortcomings in the implementation of IC measures. It should
also be noted that the probability of infecting healthy people in contact with active TB patients is very high. Therefore, it is important that all health workers know how to properly triage suspected sources of infection and quickly conduct the necessary tests for diagnosis, timely identify a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and refer him to a TB dispensary for treatment. To do this, service delivery processes should be organized at the primary care level. Conclusion. Proper placement and organization of triage, diagnosis, and treatment facilities for suspected persons with active tuberculosis significantly reduce the risk of infection.

The organization of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) created 7 years ago in order to strengthen the economies of the member states, provided effective levers within the framework of public health, allowing to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population by reducing the risk of import and circulation of dangerous products, the spread of infectious and mass non communicable diseases (poisoning). The creation of the EAEU allowed
the sanitary and epidemiological services of the member states to effectively use their human resources, research potential, be on guard of public health and solve one of the most important state tasks - ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological
well-being of the population of the member states. The work carried out by the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) - the permanent supranational regulatory body of the EAEU and by the authorized state bodies of the member states on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population within the framework of integration processes and the contractual and legal framework in the field of sanitary
measures, and regulations adopted on their basis, make it possible to ensure effective control and an appropriate level of safety in the field of sanitary measures. It ensures the prompt exchange of information on identified dangerous products
between the authorized bodies of the Member States, promotes the removal of barriers to the movement of goods when applying sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, establishes general principles and approaches to determining responsibility for violations of acts in the field of sanitary measures. The ongoing work leads to the actualization of sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic requirements for product safety on the basis of scientific research, including the analysis of the risk of harmful effects on the human body of environmental factors, as well as the implementation of a risk-based surveillance model in the field of product safety for human health. The adoption of methodological documents and recommendations in the EEC is carried out on the basis of the results of scientific research, taking into account the principles laid down in the agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. All this and the further development of integration processes in the field of sanitary measures within the EAEU, allows the Kyrgyz Republic to be on modern, advanced positions in the application of SPS measures and the preservation of the health and life of each person and society as a whole.

In order to coordinate the interaction of state bodies to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being and biological safety of the population of the EAEU member states, the heads of state decided to create a permanent subsidiary body of the Union - the "Council of Heads of Authorized Bodies in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population of the member States". It includes the heads of authorized bodies in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population (chief state sanitary doctors) of the member States of the Union and representatives of the
Eurasian Economic Commission. The Leadership Council has become a platform for discussing the experience of Member States and international experience, as well as the formation of effective mechanisms for the implementation of a coordinated or coordinated policy on the application of sanitary measures. During the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, this Council proved to be a really functioning body in combating the spread
and minimizing the consequences of the spread of COVID-19.
A number of regulatory and advisory acts of the Union were adopted, which made it possible to respond to challenges in a timely manner, contributed to the speedy restoration of uninterrupted cross-border supply of essential goods to the Member States, including disinfection products, medicines, medical and non-medical products, and initiated joint research
to assess post-vaccination and post-infectious population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 and the study of variations of coronavirus strains, It made it possible to consistently move towards lifting the imposed restrictions and resuming the free movement of citizens of the Member States across the territory of the Union as soon as possible, contributed to the
effective implementation of joint activities and the adoption of necessary management decisions to prevent and minimize the consequences of the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The authorized body of the Kyrgyz Republic also took an active part in this work, in particular, it prepared and adopted "Sanitary and epidemiological recommendations regulating an agreed algorithm for responding to outbreaks of infectious
diseases (Recommendation of the Board of the Commission No. 12 of April 5, 2022)". The functioning of the Council of Heads has shown the effectiveness and necessity of the work of this body to solve urgent problems related to common challenges to the health of the population of the Member States of the Union.

Introduction. Victims with vascular trauma are initially admitted to general surgical hospitals. Therefore, it is important to provide full-fledged first aid and further rapid delivery of the wounded to a specialized vascular department. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational work of stage-by-stage diagnostic and therapeutic
and tactical measures for vascular injury. Material and methods of research. The case histories of 574 patients with vascular trauma treated in the vascular department of the Osh Interregional Joint Clinical Hospital for the period 2011-2020 were analyzed. Staged care for vascular
injury is shown. The scope and nature of providing assistance to victims with vascular trauma at the place of injury, in primary and secondary health care facilities have been clarified. Results and discussion. Step-by-step treatment of vascular injury is described. It was revealed that the absolute majority of victims are not provided with the full volume of first aid at the place of injury, and therefore there is a need to teach a
wide segment of the population the rules of first aid. In the vascular department of the Osh Interregional United Hospital, revascularization of damaged main vessels, in some cases, neuroraphy and tendoraphy, were performed. Conclusions. Victims should receive timely, full-fledged qualified medical care at all stages of treatment: pre-hospital,
non-specialized and specialized. The timely fight against shock and blood loss, the reduction of the time before the start of specialized care, due to the correct evacuation of the victim, is of great importance in providing assistance to this category of patients. It is indicated that it is necessary to develop a clinical protocol for providing assistance to victims with
vascular trauma at all stages of medical and diagnostic work.