Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death world wide. About 17.9 million people die from them annually, which is 31% of all deaths worldwide. Of these deaths, 85% were due to Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. IHD is one of the most common causes of death in many countries. Millions of people suffer from this disease, and it has a significant impact on the lives of patients, their families and society as a whole. In this regard, the study of the prevalence and mortality from IHD, as well as the identification of the causes, risk factors is very relevant. Objective of the study: to assess the prevalence, mortality and risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease to develop recommendations for health protection and promotion, prevention of IHD in Kyrgyzstan. Materials and methods. The material for the research was medical and statistical indicators of the Center for Electronic Health of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, the World Health Organization. A content analysis of official sources was conducted. A retrospective epidemiological study of prevalence, morbidity, and mortality was carried out for the period 2000-2019. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel application package. Results. The analysis of population morbidity revealed the prevalence of various pathologies, among which the most attention is drawn to respiratory
diseases, diseases of the digestive system, infectious and parasitic diseases,
diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as injuries and poisoning. In the structure of causes of mortality, the main place is occupied by diseases of the circulatory system (52.3%), followed by neoplasms (10.5%), respiratory diseases (6.8%), COVID-19 (6.1%), injuries and poisoning (5.6%) and conditions that arose in the perinatal period (4.0%). When analyzing the nosological forms of circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) ranks first, followed by stroke, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and endocarditis, as well as other circulatory diseases. It was found that mortality from CHD is 2.5-3.0 times higher than that from stroke and 22.3 times higher than that from other circulatory diseases. Analysis of risk factors contributing to mortality showed that rational nutrition is of the greatest importance, accounting for 25% of the total number of risk factors. This figure in
Kyrgyzstan is 6% higher than similar data in the countries of the WHO European Region and 10% higher than in the countries of the European Union. High blood pressure is in second place in terms of significance, followed by tobacco use, high cholesterol, high body mass index and air pollution. These data emphasize the need to develop and implement comprehensive measures to prevent diseases and improve public health. Conclusion. Population growth, ageing society and high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, along with increased exposure to risk factors, contribute to the growth of mortality and disability (including coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer and other pathologies). This highlights the need for urgent and cost-effective preventive measures by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic to maintain and strengthen public health. There are problems at all levels of health care (preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation) in the fight against cardiovascular diseases that require immediate solutions. Preventive measures (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) are not implemented at the proper level. The Public Health Service
of Kyrgyzstan, responsible for the coordination and implementation of preventive initiatives, faces insufficient funding and is mainly focused on the prevention of infectious diseases. This leads to ineffective activities, out dated infrastructure and a lack of human resources. As a result, the current health care system is unable to cope with new challenges, especially in the context of epidemics of new diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus and COVID-19.