Кан донорлорунун арасында гепатит Е вирусунун геномун текшерүү: Казакстан- дагы изилдөөнүн жыйынтыктары

Савчук Татьяна Николаевна, руководитель Республиканской референс-лаборатории службы крови Республиканского государственного предприятия на праве хозяйственного ведения «Научно-производственный центр трансфузиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, г. Астана

Гринвальд Елена Николаевна, заведующая отделением лабораторных исследований трансфузионных инфекций Республиканского государственного предприятия на праве хозяйственного ведения «Научно-производственный центр трансфузиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, г.Астана
Абдрахманова Сания Алишевна, кандидат медицинских наук, Председатель Правления Республиканского государственного предприятия на праве хозяйственного ведения «Научно-производственный центр трансфузиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, г.Астана

Имашпаев Дулат Макамбетулы, PhD, Первый заместитель Председателя Правления Республиканского государственного предприятия на праве хозяйственного ведения «Научно-производственный центр трансфузиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, г. Астана

Жангазиева Куралай Хайдаровна, начальник отдела менеджмента научных исследований Республиканского государственного предприятия на праве хозяйственного ведения «Науч но-производственный центр трансфузиологии» Министерства здравоохранения, Республики Казахстан, г. Астана

Саусакова Сания Багланбаевна, PhD, старший преподаватель кафедры общественного здоровья и менеджмента Некоммерческого акционерного общества «Медицинский университет Астана», г. Астана, Республика Казахстан

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1. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection. Journal Of Hepatology., 2018, vol. 68, pp. 1256-1271.
2. World Health Organization. Hepatitis E. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e (30 May 2024).
3. Geng Y., Wang Y. Transmission of hepatitis E virus. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology., 2016, vol. 948, pp. 89-112.

4. Hewitt P., Ijaz S., Brailsford S., Brett R., Dicks S., Haywood B., et al. Hepatitis E virus in blood components: A prevalence and
transmission study in southeast England. Lancet., 2014, vol. 384, pp. 1766-1773.
5. Gallian P., Lhomme S., Piquet Y., Saune K., Abravanel F., Assal A., et al. Hepatitis E virus infections in blood donors, France.
Emerging Infectious Diseases., 2014, vol. 20, pp. 1914-1917.
6. Baylis S.A., Gärtner T., Nick S., Ovemyr J., Blümel J. Occurrence of hepatitis E virus RNA in plasma donations from Sweden,
Germany and the United States. Vox Sanguinis, 2012, vol.103, pp. 89–90.
7. Sauleda S., Ong E., Bes M., Janssen A., Cory R., Babizki M., et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and detection of
HEV RNA with a transcription-mediated amplification assay in blood donors from Catalonia (Spain). Transfusion, 2015, vol. 55,
pp. 972–979.
8. Hogema B.M., Molier M., Sjerps M., de Waal M., van Swieten P., van de Laar T., et al. Incidence and duration of hepatitis E
virus infection in Dutch blood donors. Transfusion, 2016, vol. 56, pp. 722–728.
9. Stramer S.L. Current perspectives in transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases: Emerging and re-emerging infections. ISBT
Science Series. 2014, vol. 9, pp. 30–36.
10. Juhl D., Baylis S.A., Blümel J., Görg S., Hennig H. Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in German blood
donors. Transfusion, 2014, vol. 54, pp. 49–56.
11. Horvatits T., Ozga A.K., Westhölter D., Hartl J., Manthey C.F., Lütgehetmann M., et al. Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the Americas:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver International, 2018, vol. 38, pp. 1951–1964.
12. Westhölter D., Hiller J., Denzer U., Polywka S., Ayuk F., Rybczynski M., et al. HEV-positive blood donations represent a relevant
infection risk for immunosuppressed recipients. Journal Of Hepatology, 2018, vol. 69, pp. 36–42.
13. Niederhauser C., Widmer N., Hotz M., Tinguely C., Fontana S., Allemann G., et al. Current hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in
Swiss blood donors and apparent decline from 1997 to 2016. Euro Surveillance, 2018, vol. 23, pp. 1700616.
14. Beale M.A., Tettmar K., Szypulska R., Tedder R.S., Ijaz S. Is there evidence of recent hepatitis E virus infection in English and
North Welsh blood donors? Vox Sanguinis, 2011,vol. 100, pp. 340–342.
15. Boxall E., Herborn A., Kochethu G., Pratt G., Adams D., Ijaz S., et al. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in a ‘nonhyperendemic’
country. Transfusion Medicine, 2006 vol. 16, pp. 79–83.
16. Dreier J., Knabbe C., Vollmer T. Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E: NAT Screening of Blood Donations and Infectious Dose.
Frontiers Of Medicine, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 5.
17. Tedder R.S., Ijaz S., Kitchen A., Ushiro-Lumb I., Tettmar K.I., Hewitt P., et al. Hepatitis E risks: pigs or blood-that is the question.
Transfusion. 2017, vol. 57, pp. 267–272.
18. Vollmer T., Diekmann J., Johne R., Eberhardt M., Knabbe C., Dreier J. Novel approach for detection of hepatitis E virus infection
in German blood donors. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, 2012, vol. 50, pp. 2708–2713.
19. Matsubayashi K., Sakata H., Ikeda H. Hepatitis E infection and blood transfusion in Japan. ISBT Science Series, 2011 vol. 6, pp.
344–349.
20. Domanović D., Tedder R., Blümel J., Zaaijer H., Gallian P., Niederhauser C., et al. Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in
selected European countries: a shift to screening? Euro Surveillance, 2017 vol. 22, pp. 30514.
21. Smith D.B., Simmonds P., Izopet J., Oliveira-Filho E.F., Ulrich R.G., Johne R., et al. Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis
E virus subtypes. The Journal Of General Virology, 2016, vol. 97, pp. 537-542.
22. World Health Organization. Screening donated blood for transfusion-transmissible infections: Recommendations.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547888 (30 May 2024).
23. Denner J., Pischke S., Steinmann E., Blümel J., Glebe D. Why all blood donations should be tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV).
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019, vol. 19, pp. 541.
24. Chan BKC. Data Analysis Using R Programming. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology, 2018, vol. 1082, pp. 47-
122.
25. World Health Organization. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and health: a primer for health professionals. Geneva: World Health Or
ganization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-WSH-19.149 (12 December 2019)
26. Aggarwal R. Hepatitis E Historical, contemporary and future perspectives. Journal Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, 2011,
vol. 26, pp. 72-82.
27. Sharapov M.B., Favorov M.O., Yashina T.L., Brown M.S., Onischenko G.G., Margolis H.S., et.al. Acute viral hepatitis morbidity
and mortality associated with hepatitis E virus infection: Uzbekistan surveillance data. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009, vol.25,
pp. 35.
28. Marantidou O., Loukopoulou L., Zervou E., Martinis G., Egglezou A., Fountouli P., et.al. Factors that motivate and hinder blood
donation in Greece. Transfusion Medicine, 2007, vol.17, pp. 443-50.
29. Carver A., Chell K., Davison T.E., Masser B.M. What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence. Vox
Sanguinis, 2018, vol. 113, pp. 205-219.
30. Akhmetova V., Balji Y., Kandalina Y., Iskineyeva A., Mukhamejanova A., Baspakova A., et.al. Self-reported consumption fre
quency of meat and fish products among young adults in Kazakhstan. Nutrition And Health, 2024, vol. 30, pp. 309-318.

Савчук Т.Н., Гринвальд Е.Н., Абдрахманова С.А., Имашпаев Д.М.,Жангазиева К.Х., Саусакова С.Б. Скрининг генома вируса гепатита Е среди доноров крови: выводы из исследования в Казахстане. Научно-практический журнал «Здравоохранение Кыргызстана» 2024, №3, с. 42-49.https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2024.3.9.5.42.49

Savchuk Tatyana Nikolaevna, Head of the Republican Reference Laboratory of the Blood Service of the Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management “Scientific and Production Center for Transfusiology” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana

Grinvald Elena Nikolaevna, Head of the Department of Laboratory Research on Transfusion-Related Infections The republican state enterprise on the right of economic management “Scientific and Production Center for Transfusiology” of the Ministry of Health Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana

Abdrakhmanova Saniya Alishevna, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Chair of the Board The republican state enterprise on the right of economic management “Scientific and Production Center for Transfusiology” of the Ministry of Health Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana

Imashpayev Dulat Makambetuly, PhD, First Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management "Scientific and Production Center for Transfusiology" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana

Zhangazieva Kuralai Khaidarovna, Head of the Department of Scientific Research Management of the Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management “Scientific and Production Center for Transfusiology” of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana
Sausakova Saniya Baglanbaevna, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Health and Management Non-profit Joint stock Company“ AstanaMedical University”, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan

1. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection. Journal Of Hepatology., 2018, vol. 68, pp. 1256-1271.
2. World Health Organization. Hepatitis E. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e (30 May 2024).
3. Geng Y., Wang Y. Transmission of hepatitis E virus. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology., 2016, vol. 948, pp. 89-112.

4. Hewitt P., Ijaz S., Brailsford S., Brett R., Dicks S., Haywood B., et al. Hepatitis E virus in blood components: A prevalence and
transmission study in southeast England. Lancet., 2014, vol. 384, pp. 1766-1773.
5. Gallian P., Lhomme S., Piquet Y., Saune K., Abravanel F., Assal A., et al. Hepatitis E virus infections in blood donors, France.
Emerging Infectious Diseases., 2014, vol. 20, pp. 1914-1917.
6. Baylis S.A., Gärtner T., Nick S., Ovemyr J., Blümel J. Occurrence of hepatitis E virus RNA in plasma donations from Sweden,
Germany and the United States. Vox Sanguinis, 2012, vol.103, pp. 89–90.
7. Sauleda S., Ong E., Bes M., Janssen A., Cory R., Babizki M., et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and detection of
HEV RNA with a transcription-mediated amplification assay in blood donors from Catalonia (Spain). Transfusion, 2015, vol. 55,
pp. 972–979.
8. Hogema B.M., Molier M., Sjerps M., de Waal M., van Swieten P., van de Laar T., et al. Incidence and duration of hepatitis E
virus infection in Dutch blood donors. Transfusion, 2016, vol. 56, pp. 722–728.
9. Stramer S.L. Current perspectives in transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases: Emerging and re-emerging infections. ISBT
Science Series. 2014, vol. 9, pp. 30–36.
10. Juhl D., Baylis S.A., Blümel J., Görg S., Hennig H. Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in German blood
donors. Transfusion, 2014, vol. 54, pp. 49–56.
11. Horvatits T., Ozga A.K., Westhölter D., Hartl J., Manthey C.F., Lütgehetmann M., et al. Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the Americas:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver International, 2018, vol. 38, pp. 1951–1964.
12. Westhölter D., Hiller J., Denzer U., Polywka S., Ayuk F., Rybczynski M., et al. HEV-positive blood donations represent a relevant
infection risk for immunosuppressed recipients. Journal Of Hepatology, 2018, vol. 69, pp. 36–42.
13. Niederhauser C., Widmer N., Hotz M., Tinguely C., Fontana S., Allemann G., et al. Current hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in
Swiss blood donors and apparent decline from 1997 to 2016. Euro Surveillance, 2018, vol. 23, pp. 1700616.
14. Beale M.A., Tettmar K., Szypulska R., Tedder R.S., Ijaz S. Is there evidence of recent hepatitis E virus infection in English and
North Welsh blood donors? Vox Sanguinis, 2011,vol. 100, pp. 340–342.
15. Boxall E., Herborn A., Kochethu G., Pratt G., Adams D., Ijaz S., et al. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in a ‘nonhyperendemic’
country. Transfusion Medicine, 2006 vol. 16, pp. 79–83.
16. Dreier J., Knabbe C., Vollmer T. Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E: NAT Screening of Blood Donations and Infectious Dose.
Frontiers Of Medicine, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 5.
17. Tedder R.S., Ijaz S., Kitchen A., Ushiro-Lumb I., Tettmar K.I., Hewitt P., et al. Hepatitis E risks: pigs or blood-that is the question.
Transfusion. 2017, vol. 57, pp. 267–272.
18. Vollmer T., Diekmann J., Johne R., Eberhardt M., Knabbe C., Dreier J. Novel approach for detection of hepatitis E virus infection
in German blood donors. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, 2012, vol. 50, pp. 2708–2713.
19. Matsubayashi K., Sakata H., Ikeda H. Hepatitis E infection and blood transfusion in Japan. ISBT Science Series, 2011 vol. 6, pp.
344–349.
20. Domanović D., Tedder R., Blümel J., Zaaijer H., Gallian P., Niederhauser C., et al. Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in
selected European countries: a shift to screening? Euro Surveillance, 2017 vol. 22, pp. 30514.
21. Smith D.B., Simmonds P., Izopet J., Oliveira-Filho E.F., Ulrich R.G., Johne R., et al. Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis
E virus subtypes. The Journal Of General Virology, 2016, vol. 97, pp. 537-542.
22. World Health Organization. Screening donated blood for transfusion-transmissible infections: Recommendations.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547888 (30 May 2024).
23. Denner J., Pischke S., Steinmann E., Blümel J., Glebe D. Why all blood donations should be tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV).
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019, vol. 19, pp. 541.
24. Chan BKC. Data Analysis Using R Programming. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology, 2018, vol. 1082, pp. 47-
122.
25. World Health Organization. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and health: a primer for health professionals. Geneva: World Health Or
ganization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-WSH-19.149 (12 December 2019)
26. Aggarwal R. Hepatitis E Historical, contemporary and future perspectives. Journal Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, 2011,
vol. 26, pp. 72-82.
27. Sharapov M.B., Favorov M.O., Yashina T.L., Brown M.S., Onischenko G.G., Margolis H.S., et.al. Acute viral hepatitis morbidity
and mortality associated with hepatitis E virus infection: Uzbekistan surveillance data. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009, vol.25,
pp. 35.
28. Marantidou O., Loukopoulou L., Zervou E., Martinis G., Egglezou A., Fountouli P., et.al. Factors that motivate and hinder blood
donation in Greece. Transfusion Medicine, 2007, vol.17, pp. 443-50.
29. Carver A., Chell K., Davison T.E., Masser B.M. What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence. Vox
Sanguinis, 2018, vol. 113, pp. 205-219.
30. Akhmetova V., Balji Y., Kandalina Y., Iskineyeva A., Mukhamejanova A., Baspakova A., et.al. Self-reported consumption fre
quency of meat and fish products among young adults in Kazakhstan. Nutrition And Health, 2024, vol. 30, pp. 309-318.

Savchuk T.N., Grinwald E.N., Abdrakhmanova S.A., Imashpaev D.M., Zhangazieva K.Kh., Sausakova S.B. Screening
for hepatitis E virus genome in blood donors: insights from a study in Kazakhstan. Scientific and practical journal “Health care of Kyrgyzstan” 2024, No.3, p. 42-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.51350/zdravkg2024.3.9.5.42.49

Савчук Татьяна Николаевна, Казакстан Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министрлигинин “Трансфузиология илимий-өндүрүштүк борбору” чарба жүргүзүү укугундагы республикалык мамлекеттик ишканасынын кан кызматынын Республикалык референттик лабораториясынын башчысы, Астана шаары

Гринвальд Елена Николаевна, Казакстан Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министрлигинин «Трансфузиология илимий-өндүрүштүк борбору» чарба жүргүзүү укугундагы республикалык мамлекеттик ишканасынын трансфузиялык инфекцияларды лабораториялык изилдөө бөлүмүнүн башчысы, Астана шаары
Абдрахманова Сания Алишевна, медицина илимдеринин кандидаты, Казакстан Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министрлигинин «Трансфузиология илимий-өндүрүштүк борбору» чарба жүргүзүү укугундагы республикалык мамлекеттик ишканасынын башкармалыгынын төрагасы, Астана шаары

Имашпаев Дулат Макамбетулы, медицина илимдеринин кандидаты, Казакстан Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министрлигинин «Трансфузиология илимий-өндүрүштүк борбору» чарба жүргүзүү укугундагы республикалык мамлекеттик ишканасынын төрагасынын биринчи орун басары, Астана шаары

Жангазиева Куралай Хайдаровна, Казакстан Республикасынын Саламаттык сактоо министрлигинин «Трансфузиология илимий-өндүрүштүк борбору» чарба жүргүзүү укугундагы республикалык мамлекеттик ишканасынын илимий изилдөөлөрдү башкаруу бөлүмүнүн башчысы, Астана шаары

Саусакова Сания Багланбаевна, медицина илимдеринин кандидаты, «Астана медицина университети» коммерциялык эмес акционердик коомунун Коомдук саламаттыкты сактоо жана менеджмент кафедрасынын улук окутуучусу, Астана шаары, Казакстан Республикасы

1. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection. Journal Of Hepatology., 2018, vol. 68, pp. 1256-1271.
2. World Health Organization. Hepatitis E. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e (30 May 2024).
3. Geng Y., Wang Y. Transmission of hepatitis E virus. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology., 2016, vol. 948, pp. 89-112.

4. Hewitt P., Ijaz S., Brailsford S., Brett R., Dicks S., Haywood B., et al. Hepatitis E virus in blood components: A prevalence and
transmission study in southeast England. Lancet., 2014, vol. 384, pp. 1766-1773.
5. Gallian P., Lhomme S., Piquet Y., Saune K., Abravanel F., Assal A., et al. Hepatitis E virus infections in blood donors, France.
Emerging Infectious Diseases., 2014, vol. 20, pp. 1914-1917.
6. Baylis S.A., Gärtner T., Nick S., Ovemyr J., Blümel J. Occurrence of hepatitis E virus RNA in plasma donations from Sweden,
Germany and the United States. Vox Sanguinis, 2012, vol.103, pp. 89–90.
7. Sauleda S., Ong E., Bes M., Janssen A., Cory R., Babizki M., et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and detection of
HEV RNA with a transcription-mediated amplification assay in blood donors from Catalonia (Spain). Transfusion, 2015, vol. 55,
pp. 972–979.
8. Hogema B.M., Molier M., Sjerps M., de Waal M., van Swieten P., van de Laar T., et al. Incidence and duration of hepatitis E
virus infection in Dutch blood donors. Transfusion, 2016, vol. 56, pp. 722–728.
9. Stramer S.L. Current perspectives in transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases: Emerging and re-emerging infections. ISBT
Science Series. 2014, vol. 9, pp. 30–36.
10. Juhl D., Baylis S.A., Blümel J., Görg S., Hennig H. Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in German blood
donors. Transfusion, 2014, vol. 54, pp. 49–56.
11. Horvatits T., Ozga A.K., Westhölter D., Hartl J., Manthey C.F., Lütgehetmann M., et al. Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the Americas:
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver International, 2018, vol. 38, pp. 1951–1964.
12. Westhölter D., Hiller J., Denzer U., Polywka S., Ayuk F., Rybczynski M., et al. HEV-positive blood donations represent a relevant
infection risk for immunosuppressed recipients. Journal Of Hepatology, 2018, vol. 69, pp. 36–42.
13. Niederhauser C., Widmer N., Hotz M., Tinguely C., Fontana S., Allemann G., et al. Current hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in
Swiss blood donors and apparent decline from 1997 to 2016. Euro Surveillance, 2018, vol. 23, pp. 1700616.
14. Beale M.A., Tettmar K., Szypulska R., Tedder R.S., Ijaz S. Is there evidence of recent hepatitis E virus infection in English and
North Welsh blood donors? Vox Sanguinis, 2011,vol. 100, pp. 340–342.
15. Boxall E., Herborn A., Kochethu G., Pratt G., Adams D., Ijaz S., et al. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in a ‘nonhyperendemic’
country. Transfusion Medicine, 2006 vol. 16, pp. 79–83.
16. Dreier J., Knabbe C., Vollmer T. Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E: NAT Screening of Blood Donations and Infectious Dose.
Frontiers Of Medicine, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 5.
17. Tedder R.S., Ijaz S., Kitchen A., Ushiro-Lumb I., Tettmar K.I., Hewitt P., et al. Hepatitis E risks: pigs or blood-that is the question.
Transfusion. 2017, vol. 57, pp. 267–272.
18. Vollmer T., Diekmann J., Johne R., Eberhardt M., Knabbe C., Dreier J. Novel approach for detection of hepatitis E virus infection
in German blood donors. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, 2012, vol. 50, pp. 2708–2713.
19. Matsubayashi K., Sakata H., Ikeda H. Hepatitis E infection and blood transfusion in Japan. ISBT Science Series, 2011 vol. 6, pp.
344–349.
20. Domanović D., Tedder R., Blümel J., Zaaijer H., Gallian P., Niederhauser C., et al. Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in
selected European countries: a shift to screening? Euro Surveillance, 2017 vol. 22, pp. 30514.
21. Smith D.B., Simmonds P., Izopet J., Oliveira-Filho E.F., Ulrich R.G., Johne R., et al. Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis
E virus subtypes. The Journal Of General Virology, 2016, vol. 97, pp. 537-542.
22. World Health Organization. Screening donated blood for transfusion-transmissible infections: Recommendations.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547888 (30 May 2024).
23. Denner J., Pischke S., Steinmann E., Blümel J., Glebe D. Why all blood donations should be tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV).
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019, vol. 19, pp. 541.
24. Chan BKC. Data Analysis Using R Programming. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology, 2018, vol. 1082, pp. 47-
122.
25. World Health Organization. Water, sanitation, hygiene, and health: a primer for health professionals. Geneva: World Health Or
ganization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-WSH-19.149 (12 December 2019)
26. Aggarwal R. Hepatitis E Historical, contemporary and future perspectives. Journal Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, 2011,
vol. 26, pp. 72-82.
27. Sharapov M.B., Favorov M.O., Yashina T.L., Brown M.S., Onischenko G.G., Margolis H.S., et.al. Acute viral hepatitis morbidity
and mortality associated with hepatitis E virus infection: Uzbekistan surveillance data. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009, vol.25,
pp. 35.
28. Marantidou O., Loukopoulou L., Zervou E., Martinis G., Egglezou A., Fountouli P., et.al. Factors that motivate and hinder blood
donation in Greece. Transfusion Medicine, 2007, vol.17, pp. 443-50.
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